Document categories

• Apollo Guidance Computer (AGC):
• AGC-related presentations
  
• AGC software language manuals and program listings
• AGC Users' Guides
  
• Guidance Systems Operations Plans (GSOPs)
• AGC guick-reference cards or data cards
• AGC Pad loads
• AGC Erasable Memory Programs (EMPs)
  
• AGC Electrical and Mechanical Design
• AGC Information Series
  
• Space Guidance Analysis (SGA) memos
• Digital Development Memos
  
• LUMINARY Memos, Anomalies, PCRs, and PCNs
  
• COLOSSUS Memos
  
• SKYLARK Memos and PCRs
  
• SCB Meeting Notes
• Miscellaneous AGC/DSKY Problems and Changes
• AGC/DSKY Inventory
  
• Apollo Experience Reports
  
• Miscellaneous Guidance & Navigation
• Miscellaneous Microformed Documents
  
• Abort Guidance System (AGS) and its computer (AEA)
  
• Launch Vehicle Digital Computer (LVDC) and other Saturn-related material
• Mission-specific or spacecraft-specific info:
  
• System Handbooks
• Operations Handbooks
• Operational Data Books
  
• Technical Crew Debriefings
• Mission Reports
  
• Flight Plans
• Checklists
• Familiarization Manuals
• Miscellaneous Mission Documents
• Status Reports to NASA
• From MIT Instrumentation Laboratory
• From AC Electronics
• From Bellcomm
• From Bendix
• From Raytheon
• From TRW
  
• General Apollo documents unrelated to computing systems
• Press Kits, Press Releases, Press Conferences, Articles
  
• Miscellaneous
  
• Gemini spacecraft computer
• Something Completely Different
  

AGC-related presentations

Various presentations presented at the MAPLD '04 conference, by AGC developers and other knowledgeable folks

• Hugh Blair-Smith, "YUL System - Pass 0":  video
• Ray Alonso, "Evolutionary Dead Ends":  video and text
• Eldon Hall, "Historic Disassembly of a Block II Apollo Guidance Computer":  video
• Cline Frasier, "Digital Autopilot for Apollo: A Radical Change":  video and text
  
• Jose Portillo Lugo, "Lunar Module Attitude Controller Assembly Input Processing":  text
• Also, various still photos related to these folks and their presentations:  gallery
  

 AGC software manuals and listings

• For convenient HTML forms of AGC program listings, with syntax colorization, cross-reference hyperlinks, and (a little) annotation — or alternately, for scanned images of the original program-listing printouts at various resolutions — I'd advise consulting the Luminary and Colossus pages directly.  (I used to maintain a list of the available AGC program versions here, but I found that the list here was typically misleadingly out-of-date, however good my intentions of keeping it up-to-date, so I don't want to do that any longer.)
• E-1077:  Preliminary MOD 3C Programmers Manual, by R. Alonso, J. H. Laning, Jr., and H. Blair-Smith, November 1961.  This manual applies to an earlier version of the AGC, but is still very interesting since it includes topics like the YUL assembler.
  
• AGC4 Memo # 9 - Block II Instructions (1966), by Hugh Blair-Smith.  This is the source for info on AGC assembly language.  See also pages 30-50, provided as etext by Hugh Blair-Smith (rather than being scanned) just for us.  Incidentally, I've taken to calling this the "infamous memo", simply because I think it's funny, but I notice that this phrase is being duplicated across the web.  I don't actually know that there's anything infamous about it, so if you plan to quote me, please leave out the word "infamous".  
  
• E-2052:  AGC4 Basic Training Manual, Volume I, by Bernard Savage and Alice Drake, January 1967.
• "Users Guide to the Block II AGC/LGC Interpreter", by Charles A. Muntz. (1965).

AGC Users' Guides

This section pertains to a document (E-2448) called "Users' Guide to Apollo GN&CS Major Modes and Routines", presented in several different revisions.  While the document itself purports to be general purpose in nature rather than mission-specific, it was nevertheless maintained to remain current, and therefore can be roughly matched (from publication dates and internal information) particularly-relevant missions.

• Revision 1 (Apollo 13/14). 
  
• Revision 4 (Apollo 15/16/17)

Guidance System Operations Plans (GSOP)

• AS-202 ("Apollo 3"):  R-477: Guidance and Navigation System Operations Plan Apollo Mission 202:
• Initial version, January 1965
• Revision 1, July 1965
• Revision 2, October 1965
  
• AS - 278:  R-547: Guidance System Operations Plan AS-278.  AS-278 was a cancelled mission (because of Apollo 1), which would have been the first orbital test of the LM.  Instead, the same crew provided that first test in Apollo 9, at a much later date.
• Volume 1, "CM GNCS Operations".  We also have a draft version of section 3 of this document, "Block II GNC System Description", given to us by Don Eyles.
  
• Volume 2, "LEM PGNCS Operations".  While we don't actually have this volume of the document, we do have a draft version of section 3 of it, "LEM PGNC System Description", given to us by Don Eyles.
  
• Volume 3, "Control Data".
  
• Volume 4, "Error Analysis".
  
• Apollo 1 and 2 Command Module:  R-507 G&N System Operations Plan Mission AS-204A/205:
• Volume I
• Volume II, October 1966
  
• Apollo 4 Command Module:  R-537: Guidance and Navigation System Operations Plan Apollo Mission 501:
• Volume I (sections 1-7), July 1966
  
• Volume II (sections 6-7), December 1966
  
• Section 8?
  
• Preliminary Lunar Landing Mission GSOP
• Section 5, "CMC Guidance & Navigation Equations"
• Section 5, "LGC Guidance & Navigation Equations"
  
• Apollo 5 Lunar Module:  R-527:  Guidance System Operations Plan for Unmanned LM Earth Orbital Missions Using Program Sunburst:
• Section 7, "G&N Error Analysis".
  
• Apollo 8 & 9 Command Module:  R-577:  Guidance System Operations Plan for Manned CM Earth Orbital and Lunar Missions Using Program Colossus 1 (Rev. 237) and Program Colossus 1A (Rev. 249):
  
• Section 1, Rev. 1:  "Pre-Launch".
  
• Section 2, Rev. 2:  "Data Links".
• Section 3, Rev. 3:  "Digital Autopilots".
• Section 4, Rev. 6:  "GNCS Operations":
• Introductory sections.
• Programs P00 through P27.
• Programs P30 through P39.
• Programs P40 through P67.
• Program P70 through Routine R32.
• Routine R33 through Verb 41.
• Verb 42 and beyond.
• Section 5, Rev. 4:  "Guidance Equations":
• Through section 5.2.
  
• Sections 5.3 through 5.5.
  
• Sections 5.6 and beyond.
  
• Section 6, Rev. 1:  "Control Data".
• Apollo 9 Lunar Module:  R-557:  Guidance System Operations Plan for Manned LM Earth Orbital Missions Using Program Sundance 306
• Section 1, Rev. 1, "Pre-Launch".
• Section 4, Rev. 3, "PGNCS Operational Modes".
  
• Section 5, Rev. 2, "Guidance Equations".
• Section 6, Rev. 2, "Control Data".
• Apollo 10 Lunar Module:  R-557:  Guidance System Operations Plan for Manned LM Earth Orbital Missions Using Program Sundance 306 and Program Luminary 069:
• Section 1, Rev. 1, "Pre-Launch".
• Apollo 10 Command Module:  R-577:  Guidance System Operations Plan for Manned CM Earth Orbital and Lunar Missions Using Program Colossus 2 (Comanche Rev. 44,45).  (Thanks to original AGC developer Fred Martin!)
• Section 5, Rev. 5: "Guidance Equations".
• Section 5.1: "Introduction"
• Section 5.2: "Coasting Flight Navigation"
• Section 5.3: "Powered Flight Navigation and Guidance"
• Section 5.4: "Targeting Routines"
• Section 5.5: "Basic Subroutines"
• Section 5.6-5.9: "General Service Routines", "Entry Guidance", "Erasable Memory Parameter List", and "Fixed Memory Constants"
• Apollo 13 Lunar Module:  R-567:  Guidance System Operations Plan for Manned LM Earth Orbital and Lunar Missions Using Program Luminary 1C (Rev. 131):
• Section 1, Rev. 1.  Actually, I took this section from document R-557:  Guidance System Operations Plan for Manned LM Earth Orbital Missions Using Program Sundance 306, and Program Luminary 069.  Refer to page v of the document for an explanation of this oddity.  Unfortunately, there is presently no way to know if this is the correct revision of this section, but it was the latest revision I was able to find.
  
• Section 2, Rev. 8:  "Data Links".
• Section 3, Rev. 4:  "Digital Autopilot".
  
• Section 4, Rev. 7:  "PGNCS Operational Modes."
• Introductory sections.
• Programs P00 through P39.
  
• Programs P40 through P69.
  
• Program P70 through routine R09.
  
• Routines R10 through R56.
  
• Routine R57 through end of section.
  
• Section 5, Rev. 8:  "Guidance Equations"
• Sections 5.1-5.2.
  
• Section 5.3.
  
• Section 5.4-5.5.
  
• Sections 5.6 and up.
  
• Section 6:  "Control Data".  Unfortunately, there is presently no way to know for sure if this is the correct revision of this section, but it was the only revision I was able to find.  The document specifically refers to spacecraft CM-107 (used on Apollo 11) and LM-6 (used on Apollo 12), so it's not unreasonable to suppose that it is a fairly mature revision of the document.  (Recall that we believe Luminary 1C 131 was used for Apollo 13.)
• Apollo 14 Lunar Module:  R-567:
• Section 2, 4, & 5: "Preliminary Change Pages", 1st issue.  The archival-quality scans are available at our Internet Archive site.
  
• Sections 2, 3, 4, & 5: "Preliminary Change Pages", 2nd issue.  The archival-quality scans are available at our Internet Archive site.
  
• Apollo 15-17 Command Module:  R-577:  Guidance System Operations Plan for Manned CM Earth Orbital and Lunar Missions Using Program Colossus 3.  (Thanks to Shelly Kelly and the crew at U. H. Clear Lake!)  Note that several sections are actually taken from the Colossus 2E GSOP rather than the Colossus 3 GSOP.  Colossus 3 software was used for Apollo 15-17, while Colossus 2E software was used for Apollo 14.  The GSOP documents were modular, and so sections from various missions might be mixed-and-matched to make a complete document, but I don't have a list of the revision levels appropriate to Colossus 3.  So it's possible that the Colossus 2E sections exactly right; the most I can say right now, though, is that they're the closest thing we have to Colossus 3 docs.
  
• Section 1, Rev. 2:  "Pre-Launch" (Colossus 2E)
  
• Section 2, Rev. 14:  "Data Links".  (Colossus 3) 
  
• Section 3, Rev. 11:  "Digital Autopilot".  (Colossus 2E)
• Section 3, Rev. 14:  "Digital Autopilot".
  
• Section 4:  "PGNCS Operational Modes".
• Section 5, Rev. 14:  "Guidance Equations".  (Colossus 3)
• Section 6:  "Control Data".
• Section 7, Rev. 01:  "Erasable Memory Programs".  (Colossus 3)
• Apollo 15-17 Lunar Module:  R-567:  Guidance System Operations Plan for Manned LM Earth Orbital and Lunar Missions Using Program Luminary 1E:
• Section 1, "Prelaunch".
  
• Section 2, "Data Links":
  
• Preferred copy
  
• Alternate copy
  
• Section 3, "Digital Autopilot"
  
• Section 4, "Operational Modes"
  
• Section 5, "Guidance Equations
  
• (This GSOP does not have a Section 6.)
  
• Section 7, "Erasable Memory Programs":
  
• Preferred copy
  
• Alternate copy
• Apollo/Skylab and/or Apollo/Soyuz:  R-693:  Guidance System Operations Plan for Manned CM Earth Orbital Missions Using Program Skylark 1:
• Section 1 (same as R-577): "Pre-Launch"
  
• Section 2: "Data Links"
• Section 3: "Digital Autopilots"
  
• Section 4, Rev. 01: "Operational Modes"
• Section 5: "Guidance Equations"
• Section 6 (same as R-577): "Control Data"
• Section 7: "Erasable Memory Programs"
  

AGC quick-reference cards or data cards

• Apollo Guidance Computer Programming Information.  Pretty darn handy; you can replace our entire assembly-language page with handy reference cards! 
• Block II Instructions.  A one-side-of-one-page reference to all Block II AGC instructions.
• AGC Instructions vs Command Sequences.  A funny thing to make reference cards for, but Raytheon did so!
  
• Apollo G&N Manual and JDC Index. A tiny, reference-card approach to listing all of the documentation for Apollo G&N and GSE.  Only 150 pages long.  But tiny!  Like a Bible the size of a matchbox.  And the same thing, but for Skylab (CM G&N) instead.
  
• Reference cards for the switch settings on the AGC computer test set.  Alas! most of us don't have one of those.
• Retread 50, Aurora, and Sundial B & C Data Cards (March 1966).  (Contributed by Don Eyles.)  Highest-resolution scans at our Internet Archive site.
  
• Aurora 88 and Sundial C Data Cards (August 1966).  (Contributed by Don Eyles.)  Highest-resolution scans at our Internet Archive site.
• Apollo 15 Colossus 3 CMC Data Cards.  Same but for Apollo 15 CM.  (Contributed by Fabrizio Bernardini.)  Also, Apollo 15 CMC data cards.  (This is a cleaned up version of the scanned cards.  Thanks, Fabrizio!)
• Apollo 15 Luminary 1E LGC Data Cards.  Same but for Apollo 15 LM.  (Contributed by Fabrizio Bernardini.)  Sorry, but this is a zipfile of JPEGs rather than a PDF file, because that's the only way I could keep the size even marginally manageable.  These sets of reference cards tend to have funky background colors, and some colors are easier to scan than others.  The JPEGs should be very readable, but the scans Fabrizio sent me are much better than what I'm posting (again, for size reasons), so if you need better scans you should let me know.
• Skylab quick-reference cards.  The Apollo CM spacecraft used for the Skylab project ran a program called Skylark on their AGCs.  These quick-reference cards, presumably used for training flight controllers, packed a lot of info about Skylark (and indirectly about Colossus and to a lesser extent Luminary) in a very concise package.
  
• ASTP (Apollo-Soyuz) quick-reference cards are the same idea, except that they were used for the Apollo-Soyuz test project.
• Skylark 48 Summary Card.  Similar in concept to the Skylab and ASTP reference cards above, but by TRW rather than AC/Delco, thus differing both in form and content.
  

AGC pad loads

• AS-206: Flight 206 Memo #11, "Prelaunch Erasable Memo Load Definition for AS206", Jay Sampson, March 31, 1967.
• AS-501: Flight 501 Memo #14, "Values Used for the Final Verification of the AS-501 Prelaunch Erasable Memory Data Load on the MIT/IL Digital Simulator", Jay A. Sampson, August 31, 1967.
• Apollo 11:
• CM: "G Prelaunch Erasable Load (COMANCHE 55)"
• LM: "G Prelaunch Erasable Load (LUMINARY 99)"
  
• Pad loads for LM-5.  (Contributed by Paul Fjeld.)
• Apollo 12:
• CM: "H Prelaunch Erasable Load (COMANCHE 67)"
• LM: "H Prelaunch Erasable Load (LUMINARY 116)"
  
• Apollo 13:
• CM: "H-2 Prelaunch Erasable Load (MANCHE72 REV3)"
• LM: "H-2 Prelaunch Erasable Load (LUM131A REV 1)"
  
• Pad loads for LM-7.  ( Contributed by Paul Fjeld.)
• Apollo 14:
• CM+LM:  "Final prelaunch erasable load parameters for Apollo 14 flight programs using January 31, 1971 launch date"
  
• Apollo 15:
• CM: "Final E-Load ARTEMIS 72 APOLLO 15"
• LM: "Final E-Load LUM 210 APOLLO 15"
  
• Apollo 16:
• Memo, "Flight Ropes for Apollo 16 and 17" (1971)
  
• CM+LM: "Final Prelaunch Erasable Load Parameters for Apollo 16 Flight Programs Using April 16, 1972, Launch Data"
• LM: "LGC final E-Load LUMINARY 210 Apollo 16-April 16 launch"
  
• Apollo 17:
• Memo, "Flight Ropes for Apollo 16 and 17" (1971)
  
• CM: "CMC final E-Load ARTEMIS 72(REV1) Apollo 17".  If you're really paying close, close attention, you may wonder why all of our information on the COLOSSUS page and this page indicates that the same software was used for the Apollo 15-17 CM, namely ARTEMIS 72, and yet the linked document indicates ARTEMIS 72(REV1) instead.  Conversely, the Apollo 15 document linked above indicates merely ARTEMIS 72 without a revision. Sounds different, doesn't it? Well, we don't presently have enough information to resolve this puzzling paradox with satisfying certainty.  However, Nik Beug points out that the Operational Data Book actually does list ARTEMIS 72 REV 1 for Apollo 16 as well, while Mike Stewart points out that the AGC's memory modules have the same manufacturing dash numbers for Apollo 15 and 16 (indicating that they had the same software loads stored in them).  This lends a lot of credence to the notion that all three of these missions really did have the same software load.  Plus, you have other support, such as memos like this one.  But whether that software version was ARTEMIS 72 or whether it was ARTEMIS 72 REV 1 is still unclear, and the available data allows it to be argued either way.
  
• LM: "Final AGC E-Load LUMINARY 210 Apollo 17"
• Skylab 1 & 2:
• "Final E-Load SL-2"
• "Final E-Load SL-2 Rev 1"
• ASTP:
• "ASTP CMC Preliminary Erasable Load" (1975), for SKYLARK 48.
• "Values of Certain ASTP Prelaunch Erasable Load Parameters" (1975)

Other sources referencing the erasable loads include:

• Digital simulations, such as this one for Apollo 17, which include the pad-load data needed for the simulation (though not necessarily identical to what was needed for the actual mission).
• Operational data books
  

AGC Erasable Memory Programs (EMPs)

TBD

AGC Electrical and Mechanical design

The principal references for AGC electrical schematics and mechanical drawings on this website are now the following two pages:

• The Electro-Mechanical page, in which the electrical-schematic drawings relevant to specific Block I/II AGC/DSKY models are referenced.
• The MIT/IL Engineering Drawing page, in which all of the electrical and mechanical drawings to which we have access are indexed, irrespective of how they interrelate.
  

• ND-1021042, AC Electronics, "Lunar Excursion Module PGNCS Manual" (1972), provided by Don Eyles (scanning financially sponsored by Fabrizio Bernardini and Mike Stewart).  Below, the primary links are reduced-quality schematics provided locally, while the links in parenthesis are full-resolution scanned imagery in our Internet Archive collection.
  
• Volume I (or full-resolution).  Unfortunately, pages 1 through 176 in chapter 4 are missing in this scan.  Incidentally, note that the table of contents incorrectly indicates where the break between volume I and volume II is (perhaps because the pages were reshuffled when the missing pages were removed), so don't let that confuse you.  This missing pages are present in a 1966 version of the document that we also have, though obviously their content may have changed somewhat over the intervening 6 years. Several topics are covered in the missing pages, but the principal topic is the theory of operation of the CPU's "control sequences" (microcode).
  
• Volume II (or full-resolution).  DSKY description starts in section 4-5.10.  AGC description precedes that.
• Notes related to AGC/DSKY construction and mods thereto.  These may (or may not) be helpful in understanding discrepancies between schematics and early versions of physical AGC/DSKY units.
  
• 1965 memo related to AGC signal-propagation delay problems.
  
• 1965 telegram from MSC to MIT/IL, to-do list for maintaining design schedule.
• 1965 memo related to AGC EMI problems.
  
• 1966 letter from Joe Shea regarding poor AGC/DSKY build quality.
• AC Electronics, "Apollo Block II and LEM Computer Design Review" (1966)
  
• LM ICDs (Interface Control Documents, wiring diagrams) from Grumman.
• CM AGC ICD from North American Aviation.
• Level III LM PGNCS drawings from Grumman.  These are scans of "aperture cards" from the National Archives in Ft. Worth and, I'm told, contain much more detailed interconnection drawings and pinout information (for example, for the AGC main connector) than the LM ICDs.  Thanks to Mike Stewart for finding them and photoshopping them into a usable form. 
  
• LTA-8. 
  
• LM-4 through LM-15.
  
• ND-1021041, AC Electronics, "Block I Series 100: Guidance and Navigation System Manual".  Courtesy of the Mortimer Family (thanks, Ken).  Similar to ND-1021042 for Block II as described above.
• Volume I of II.  Also, the raw, higher-resolution full scans are available at our Internet Archive site.
  
• Volume II of II.  And, the full-resolution scans.
• N. Abraham, memo 11/29/1965, "G&N Connector Keying, Blk II and LEM"
• "LGC Spare Circuits for LR Coded Commands and Indications" (1969)
• "Shielding of LEM Guidance Computer (LGC) Interface Wiring" (1965)
• "Block II Restarts" (1967)
• ±40V on CTRL1/CTRL2 issue (1970):
  
• 40V follow-up memo
• "AGC Voltage Stress"
  
• "Effects of ACD Equipment Supplying ±40 Volts onto W-910, W-911 Power Control Lines to AGC"
• Drawing 2014669, Block 2 Interconnect Diagram.  (Yes, it's awful; too bad.)
• "Effect of Short Duration bus Transients on LGC V-Fail Detector" (1969)
• G&N ICDs (a "comprehensive listing of all G&N system interface signals, impedances, noise, and marginal operational requirements").
  

See also: System Handbooks and the other AC/Delco documents in the "Miscellaneous" section below.

AGC Information Series

"Published to inform members of the technical staff at MIT and Raytheon about the AGC and the Apollo G & N system", apparently with emphasis on the electronics.

• Issue #4, "Erasable Memory" (1963)
• Issue #10, "Fixed Memory" (1964)
• Issue #13, "YUL Programming System" (1963)
• Issue #30 Appendix A, "Command Module AGC Subsystem Input and Output Signals" (1966)
• Issue #30 Appendix B, "Lunar Excursion Module AGC Subsystem Input and Output Signals" (1966)
• Issue #32, "Block II Machine Instructions" (1965) and Errata (1966)
  

Space Guidance Analysis (SGA) memos

• Memo #9 1962: "Precise Circumlunar trajectory Calculations" by R. H. Battin.
• Memo #11 1962:  "SGA Studies Presently Underway" by Richard H. Battin.
• Memo #12 1962:  "Storing Position of Moon" by James E. Potter.
• Memo #20 1962:  "Optimum Use of Acceleration Measurements to Determine Altitude-Rate During Re-entry" by Bard S. Crawford.
• Memo #22 1962:  "Calculation of the Roots of u C (u) = A" by James E. Potter.
• Memo #25 1962:  "Guidance Dynamic Requirements on SCS" by E. M. Copps.
• Memo #26 1962:  "Investigation of Minimum Mid-Course Attitude Maneuvers" by C. A. Muntz and J. E. Potter.
• Memo #29 1962:  "Error Ellipsoids" by James E. Potter.
• Memo #44 1963:  "Optimization of Midcourse Correction Times" by Robert J. Fitzgerald.
• Memo #52 1963:  "Midcourse Guidance" by Gerald M. Levine.
• Memo #56 1963:  "Deriving Random Error Vectors from Covariance Matrix" by R. D. Goss and E. S. Muller.
• Memo #57 1963:  "Coordinate System Used in the Moon Position Subroutine" by Larry D. Brock.
  
• Memo #1 1964:  "Effects of Correlated Measurement Errors on Midcourse Performance" by Peter J. Philliou.
• Memo #2 1964:  "Primary G&N Rendezvous Guidance Equations" by E. S. Muller and N. E. Sears.
• Memo #11 1964:  "The Transition Matrix for a Circular Orbit" by Gerald M. Levine.
• Memo #23 1964:  "Universal Conic Time of Flight Computations" by William Marscher.
• Memo #25 1964:  "Midcourse Monte Carlo Simulation Model" by Gerald M. Levine.
• Memo #32 1964:  "ROOTFINDER 3 -- 20th Order Polynomial Factoring Program" by Robert W. Baker.
• Memo #34 1964:  "Orbital Navigation Using Unknown Landmarks" by Gerald M. Levine.
• Memo #35 1964:  "Optimization of Reentry 'Up-Phase' Guidance" by Bard S. Crawford.
• Memo #37 1964:  "Computer Program Description -- Root Locus Technique" by Donald Fraser.
• Memo #38 1964:  "Optimal Guidance Laws" by Peter J. Philliou.
• Memo #48 1964:  "Collection of Conic Equations" by William Marscher.
• Memo #49 1964:  "Noise Through a Derived Rate Controller" by Edward M. Copps, Jr.
• Memo #2 1965:  "A Modified Encke" by William Marscher.
• Memo #3 1965:  "A Generalized Solution to the Impulsive Guidance Problem" by Wayne Tempelman.
• Memo #8 1965:  "An Analysis of Control of Track Deviation During Lunar Deboost" by E. M. Copps, Jr.
• Memo #10 1965:  "b-Vectors for Angle and Angle Rate Measurements in Arbitrary Coordinate System" by E. S. Muller.
• Memo #14 1965:  "Time to go and Delta-v" by Edward M. Copps, Jr.
• Memo #20 1965:  "Notes for Ephemeris Programs for the AGC" by Larry Brock.
• Memo #25 1965:  "Equations for non-optimum estimate of mean square mid-course velocity correction" by E. S. Muller and R. J. Phaneuf.
• Memo #28 1965:  "Conic Time of Flight Calculations to Radius of Specified Length" by Robert Bairnsfather.
• Memo #29 1965:  "Recursive Filtering Applied to System Identification" by Donald C. Fraser.
• Memo #32 1965:  "Updating the Determinant of the Covariance Matrix" by Donald C. Fraser.
• Memo (unnumbered) 1966:  "The Coriolis Equation" by A. R. Klumpp.
• Memo #1 1966:  "Apollo Spacecraft-Engine Equations and Actuator Load" by T. C. Lu.
• Memo #2 1966:  "Some Minor Discrepancies between the performance of the AGC4 Block I Interpreter and its R-467 specifications" by Roy Beasley.
• Memo #3 1966:  "Derivation of the Optimum Control Program for Steering the LEM Using the Gimballed Descent Engine" by William S. Widnall.
• Memo #4 1966:  "Controlling the Attitude and Attitude Rate of the LEM with the Gimballed Descent Propulsion System" by George W. Cherry.
• Memo (unnumbered) 1966:  "Interpretation of Vector Quantities in the Coriolis Equation" by P. C. Watson.
• Memo (unnumbered) 1966:  "The Coriolis Equation — A Sequel" by D. S. Baker.
• Memo (unnumbered) 1966:  "More on Coriolis" by Allan Klumpp.
• Memo #10 1966:  "The Minimum Fuel Return Problem" by Kurth Krause.
• Memo #12 1966:  "Characteristics of Entry Starting at 300,000 Feet" by Ray Morth.
• Memo #16 1966:  "Gimbal Lock Avoidance Schemes" by Raymond Morth.
• Memo #17 1966:  "A Computer Program for Block Diagram Reduction" by Donald C. Fraser.
• Memo #3 1967:  "Constraints on Selecting b-Vectors to Represent Measurements" by P. Kachmar and E. Muller.
• Memo #7 1967:  "Correcting Fixed Dimension Kalman Gain Vectors to Account for Colored Measurement Noise" by Donald C. Fraser.
• Memo #8 1967:  "Explicit Universal Series Solutions for the Universal Variable x" by William M. Robertson.
• Memo #9 1967:  "A Recursive CG Correction Scheme" by Edward Womble.
• Memo #15 1967:  "Preliminary Design of the RCS Autopilots Required for Task 2 of the Apollo Application Program" by Edward Womble.
  
• Memo #5 1968:  "A Modified Acceleration Expression for Bodies in Gravitation Fields" by Wayne H. Tempelman.
  
• Memo #2 1969:  "Inclusion of Biases in Statistical Midcourse Navigation" by David Baker.
  
• Memo #8 1971: "Concise Analytic Approximations to the Sun's Geocentric Position Vector" by W. M. Robertson.
• Memo #8 1971, addendum: "Incorporation of the Advance of Perihelion into Concise Analytic Approximations to the Sun's Geocentric Position Vector", by W. M. Robertson.

Digital Development Memos

These memos primarily relate to the electrical design of the AGC.

• Memo #185, 01/10/1967, computer listing of Block I vs Block II vs LEM AGC hardware differences (control & status signals, spare inbits/outbits, signals, counters, etc.)
• Memo #193, 05/22/1964, "AGC Block II Instructions" by Albert Hopkins.
• Memo #194, 05/22/1964, "Erasable Memory for Block II Computer" by Albert Hopkins.
• Memo #195, 05/22/1964, "Changes to the First Delivered Tray C" by Don Bowler.
• Memo #196, 05/22/1964, "Block II AGC/LGC Characteristics, General" by Ramon Alonso
• Memo #219, 11/03/1964, "Core Rope Memory Selection, Block II" by Albert L. Hopkins
• Memo #234, 02/09/1965, "Tabulation of Block II Rope Addresses" by Albert Hopkins
• Memo #237, 02/17/1965, "Preliminary List of Block II Interface Pulse Timing" by Don Bowler
• Memo #239, 02/26/1965, "Block II Rope Memory Circuits and Timing" by Albert Hopkins and Donald Reible
• Memo #252, 04/20/1965, "Attitude Hand Controller" by Don Bowler and Jack McKenna
• Memo #252 Addition 1, 08/24/1965, "Attitude Hand Controller" by Donald Bowler
• Memo #254 Revision B, 04/27/1966, "Block II Channel Assignments" by Albert Hopkins
• Memo #255, 05/20/1965, "Block II Alarm Circuits" by Donald Reible
• Memo #256 Revision B, 06/15/1965, "Block 2 Computer Interfaces" by Don Bowler
• Memo #260 Revision B, 04/26/1966, "Block II Alarm Indications" by Albert Hopkins and Herbert Thaler
• Memo #262, 07/07/1965, "Block II Program Retread" by Alan Green
• Memo #267, 07/28/1965, "Vlock II Keyboard and Display Program" by Alan Green.
  
• Memo #286, 12/28/1965, "Some Idiosyncrasies of Block 2 AGC Logic" by Herb Thaler
• Memo #293, 01/20/1966, "AGC II Interfaces which are Active during Standby" by Albert Hopkins
• Memo #294, 01/21/1966, "Hand Controller Multiple Use Proposal" by Donald Bowler
• Memo #295, 01/25/1965, "Proper Use of Flash by Internal Programs" by Alan Green
• Memo #303, 03/14/1966, "Standby Operation in Pre-Installation Test" by Albert Hopkins
• Memo #307, 03/18/1966, "AGC II Ruptlock Timing" by Albert Hopkins
• Memo #317, 05/16/1966, "Simplified ACE Voltage Margin Test for AGC Block II" by Albert Hopkins
• Memo #319 Revision A, 06/13/1966, "Nouns and Scales for 204" by Robert J. Filene and Alan I. Green
• Memo #340, 11/23/1966, "Block II GOJAM Actions" by Albert Hopkins
• Memo #343, 12/16/1966, "Affect of Transients of +28 AGC Power Bus" by Allen Harano
• Memo #362, 05/01/1967, "Restart Monitor (Channel 77 Alarm Box)" by Allen Harano
• Memo #363, 05/04/1967, "RESTART Indications When Coming Out of STANDBY and During Power Turn-On", by Allen Harano
• Memo #368, 06/02/1967, "Sunburst 206 SELF-CHECK - Additions & Corrections" by Frank Gauntt
• Memo #376, 07/27/1967, "Absence of Clear Rope Signals In Block II AGC's" by Allen Harano
• Memo #379, 08/22/1967, "Night Watchman Noise Problems II" by R. Howie and W. Prince
• Memo #382, 08/22/1967, "Erasable Memory Preservation - Block II AGC" by Allen Harano
• Memo #399, 02/08/1968, "Restarts Due to a Momentary Loss of Primary Power" by Allen Harano
• Memo #409, 06/06/1968, "AGC Alarm Simulation Tests for Field Checking the Restart Monitors" by Phil Ward
• Memo #483, 08/26/1969, "LGC Radar Timing" by Allen Harano
• Memo #497, 10/31/1969, "Behavior of AGC Counter Registers During Power-Up" by Allen Harano

LUMINARY Memos, Anomalies, PCRs, and PCNs

The "LUMINARY Memos" are memos from the MIT Instrumentation Lab dealing with issues of Luminary software development. 

Of particular interest, if you're concerned with the evolution of the AGC software, are the many memos used to document the changes of the Luminary code from one revision to the next.  In theory, if you had all of them, you could use them to document the complete evolution of Luminary, or at any rate from LUMINARY 4 (memo #22) through LUMINARY 209 (memo #205).  Some of the gaps can also be filled in with SCB meeting reports, in a later section of this page.  But if you're interested in such change-control issues, then anomaly reports, program-change requests (PCRs), and program-change notices (PCNs) are even more to the point.  Here are the ones we know about:

• "Contents of Luminary 1E":  A collection apparently kept by Russ Larson of all (as far as we know!) of the anomalies, PCRs, and PCNs addressed in moving from LUMINARY 1D (Apollo 14) to LUMINARY 1E (Apollo 15-17).  Nearly 400 pages of software configuration management goodness!
  
• "Contents of Luminary 1D":  A similar collection for LUMINARY 1D.  We have not yet been able to scan this.
  

But back to the memos.  There are over 250 known LUMINARY Memos, of which we've gotten the majority from Don Eyles's personal collection.  Here at the Virtual AGC site we are providing these memos in a convenient, readable quality, but higher-quality archival versions are available in our Virtual AGC collection at the Internet Archive.  In the table below, the lines which are grayed-out relate to memos about which we have some information but not the actual memos themselves.  Following the table are many more memos of a similar nature that were not officially named as "LUMINARY Memos".

LUMINARY Memo #	COLOSSUS or (SUN)DANCE Memo #	Date	Author	Subject
1	DANCE 2 COLOSSUS 1	11/7/67	J. Rhode	Nothing's Here to Stay — Not Even KKK
2	DANCE 7	11/15/67	Steve Copps	Tiger Team
3	DANCE 8	11/13/67	George Cherry	Minutes of MSC LM Digital Autopilot Design Review
4		11/29/67	George Cherry	LGC Computer Program Execution Time During Lunar Landing
5	DANCE 14	11/27/67	J. Saponaro	Synchronization of W-Matix and State Vector
6		1/12/68	George Cherry	Summary of Information from Level III Testing Status Reports for LUMINARY Development Plan, Week of 8 January 1968
7		1/16/68	George Cherry	LUMINARY GSOP Chapter 5 and Chapter 4 Review
8	DANCE 34	1/24/68	John Vella	Recent Changes to PINBALL Affecting DSKY Operation
9	COLOSSUS ?	2/6/68	A. Martorano	Minutes of PRC Meeting 2 February 1968
10	DANCE 37	2/9/68	George Cherry	RCS Jet Firings During Gyro Torquing in P52 on SUNDANCE
11	DANCE 38	2/12/68	J. S. Miller	Inhibition of DAP Operation in SUNDANCE and LUMINARY
12	DANCE 40	2/13/68	S. Davis	Hybrid Facility Procedures
13	DANCE 45	2/26/68	George Cherry	Deadband Setting PCR #86
14	DANCE 48	3/4/68	Alex Kosmala	Key Release Light
15		3/8/68	N. Neville	SETUP504
16	COLOSSUS 41	3/14/68	Alex Kosmala	ABORT
17	DANCE 51 COLOSSUS 42	3/15/68	J. Saponaro	AGC Time Dependent Constants
18		3/?/68	R. Tinkham	LUMINARY Downlist
19		3/4/68	Allan Klumpp	Comparison of Body Drive & Gimbal Drive FINDCDUW Routines
20	DANCE 57	4/1/68	Jim Kernan	SUNDANCE Revisions 280, 281 and 282 and LUMINARY Revision 0
21		4/8/68	Craig Schulenberg	LUMINARY Revisions 1, 2 and 3
22		4/15/68	Craig Schulenberg	LUMINARY Revisions 4, 5 and 6
23		4/22/68	Craig Schulenberg	LUMINARY Revisions 7 and 8
24	DANCE 69 COLOSSUS 52	4/24/68	C. Braunhardt	Standards for Verification Plans
25		4/30/68	Craig Schulenberg	LUMINARY Revisions 9, 10 and 11
26	COLOSSUS 58	5/13/68	Don Eyles	RTB
27		5/10/68	Allan Klumpp	FINDCDUW Guidance Autopiliot Interface Routine
28		5/14/68	Craig Schulenberg	LUMINARY Revisions 12 - 16
29		6/6/68	Craig Schulenberg	LUMINARY Revisions 17 and 18
30		6/7/68	Jim Kernan & Schulenberg	LUMINARY Level 4 Test Plan
31		6/12/68	Craig Schulenberg	LUMINARY Revisions 19 - 26
32		6/24/68	Peter Weissman	Undocumented Aspects of R03 (Verb 48)
33		6/24/68	George Cherry	Z-Axis Tracking in LUMINARY
34		7/15/68	Craig Schulenberg	LUMINARY Revisions 27 - 34
35		7/30/68	George Cherry	Don't Wrap Rendezvous Radar Around the Axle
36	DANCE 83	7/30/68	George Cherry	Computing the Lag Angles which Prevent Beginning and Supervised DAP Maneuvers
37		8/5/68	Craig Schulenberg	LUMINARY Revisions 35 - 38
38	DANCE 84	8/6/68	Craig Work	Restrictions to R03 (Verb 48) Inputs
39		8/27/68	George Cherry	Scheduling Proposed Modifications to the LUMINARY Digital Autopilot
40		9/5/68	Craig Schulenberg	LUMINARY Revisions 39 - 43
41		8/28/68	A. Laats & J. Shillingford	LUMINARY Level 3 Verification Plan
42		9/12/68	George Cherry	LUMINARY Program Changes Suggested at MSC/MIT Lunar Landing Co-Ordidation Meeting Held at MIT on 9/12/68
43		9/16/68	George Cherry	Implementation of One-Phase Descent Guidance Logic PCR
44		9/19/68	Don Eyles	Implementation of "One-Phase" Guidance in the AGC
45		9/24/68	Don Eyles	New Landing Initialization
46		10/15/68	George Cherry	LUMINARY Level IV Test Data Requirements for Pre-FACI Review
47		10/29/68	George Cherry	DPS and APS Engine Data
48		10/24/68	J. Connor	R65 Edit
49		11/1/68	Craig Schulenberg	LUMINARY Revisions 44 - 47
50		11/2/68	Craig Schulenberg	LUMINARY Revisions 48- 50
51		11/2/68	Craig Schulenberg	LUMINARY Revisions 51 - 53
52		11/3/68	Craig Schulenberg	LUMINARY Revisions 54 - 60
53		11/12/68	George Cherry	Final LUMINARY Tree-Shaking
54		11/18/68	George Cherry	LUMINARY Pre-Release Activities
55		12/4/68	Craig Schulenberg	LUMINARY Revisions 61
56	DANCE 86	12/4/68	George Cherry	DANCE & LUMINARY Program Activity Calendar
57		12/9/68	George Cherry	Report on LUMINARY FACI
58		12/17/68	Craig Schulenberg	LUMINARY Revisions 62 - 64
59	DANCE 87	1/3/69	Craig Work	SUNDANCE Edits for DAP and for Powered Descent
60		1/9/69	Jim Kernan, Peter Volante	LUMINARY Level 5 Test Plan
61		1/14/69	Craig Schulenberg	LUMINARY Revisions 65 - 69
62		1/24/69	George Cherry	A Set of Lunar Landing Guidance Equations which Compensate for Computation, Throttle, and Attitude-Control Lags
63		1/27/69	George Cherry	A Derivation of the Improved Lunar Landing Guidance Equations
64		2/4/69	Jim Kernan	Verb 85 — RR Antenna Line-of-Sight Display
65		2/7/69	George Cherry	A Variable Time Constant Velocity-Nulling Guidance Law
66		2/12/69	George Cherry	Aborts from the Lunar Landing & Nominal Lunar Ascent Targetting
67		2/17/69	Craig Schulenberg	LUMINARY Revisions 70 - 79
68		2/20/69	George Cherry	Lunar Landing Guidance Equations Program Alarms
69		3/10/69	Craig Work	LUMINARY 1A Edits for DAP and for Powered Descent
70	COLOSSUS 163	3/13/69	Joe Saponaro	Accuracy of Verb 83 (Range, Range Rate, Theta Display)
71		3/14/69	Peter Volante	LUMINARY TEDITS
72	COLOSSUS 167		Bill Ostanek	Use of V96 During State Vector / W Matrix Synchronization
73		3/27/69	Craig Schulenberg	LUMINARY Revisions 80 - 92
74		3/31/69	Peter Adler	Response to V99 & V97 in LUMINARY
75		4/1/69	George Cherry	R-2 Lunar Potential Model Added to LUM
76		4/1/69	Don Eyles	Variable Gains in Guidance Frame Erection
77		4/3/69	George Cherry	Let's Continue the LUMINARY 1A Test Results Review
78		4/10/69	Craig Schulenberg	LUMINARY Revisions 93 - 96
79	COLOSSUS 171	4/15/69	Jane Goode	Computation Cycle Timing in TPI, TPM Programs
80		4/24/69	Don Eyles	Abnormal Exit from Ignition Algorithm
81		4/28/69	Don Eyles	Landing Dependence on Platform Alignment
82		5/8/69	J.E. Jones	Suggestions for LUMINARY 1A Simulations
83		5/19/69	Jim Kernan	LUMINARY Revision 98
84		5/21/69	Don Eyles	Ignition Algorithm Convergence
85		5/21/69	Jim Kernan	LUMINARY Revision 99
86	COLOSSUS 183	5/21/69	Eugene Muller, Peter Kachmar	Affect of Radar (or the HF Ranging) AGC Interface Problem on F Mission Rendezvous Sequence
87		5/28/69	George Cherry	George Lowe's Decision at CCB Regarding LGC Radar Interface Problem
88		6/5/69	Don Eyles	Anomaly 64
89		6/23/69	Peter Adler, Dana Densmore	A Metaphysic of Downrupts
90	COLOSSUS 191	6/30/69	Jenny Flaherty	Memo Indexes
91		7/7/69	Craig Schulenberg	LUMINARY Revisions 100 - 105
92		7/10/69	Craig Schulenberg	LUMINARY Revisions 106
93		7/14/69	J.E. Jones	Intermediate Throttle-up of LM DPS During CSM-docked Burn
94		7/14/69	Bruce McCoy	Revision 107
95		7/9/69	Robert Covelli	Landing Radar Orientation
96		7/14/69	Bruce McCoy	Level 3 Test Plan for LUMINARY 1B
97		7/16/69	Don Eyles	Anomaly 79 Test Data
98	COLOSSUS 198	7/22/69	Margaret Hamilton	Review of Reduction of Coding Approval Procedures
99		7/23/69	George Cherry	LUMINARY Memo #96
100		7/31/69	Craig Schulenberg	Brief Summary of Verb, Noun, Alarm, Flagword & Downlist Changes between LUMINARY 1A & LUMINARY 1B (Rev. 111)
101		8/4/69	Bruce McCoy, George Cherry	Level III/IV Tests Review
102		8/6/69	George Cherry (attached is 8/4 Eyles/Cherry PCR 854)	Some Results of the Apollo 12 Pinpoint Lunar Landing Data Priority Meeting
103		8/6/69	Craig Schulenberg	LUMINARY Revisions 108 - 113
104		8/8/69	David Moore, Don Eyles	LUMINARY 1B — Level 4 Lunar Landing Test Plan
105	COLOSSUS 209	8/14/69	Al Engel, Bruce McCoy	H Mission RTCC Compatibility Testing, Test Plan & Schedule (Preliminary)
106	COLOSSUS 210	8/14/69	Al Engel, Bruce McCoy	RTCC Compatibility Testing at MIT, Current Understanding of Scope, Responsibilities, etc.
107		8/20/69	Craig Schulenberg	LUMINARY Revisions 114 - 116
108		8/22/69	Bruce McCoy	LUMINARY 1B is Revision 116
109		9/9/69	Bruce McCoy	Work Around for P22 Bug
110	COLOSSUS 213	9/10/69	Bill Ostanek	Bad Other Vehicle State Vector
111		9/19/69	Bruce McCoy	Level 6
112		9/22/69	M. Albert	RTCC Compatable Uplink Edit
113	COLOSSUS 218	10/2/69	S. David	Configuration Control of RTCC Digital Environment
114		10/7/69	Russ Larson	Proposed Contents of LUMINARY 1C
115		10/9/69	Don Eyles	Notes on Implementation of Delta-Guidance
116		10/22/69	Larry Berman	ACB #L5/120 — Operation of Rotation Control
117		10/24/69	George Kalan	Special Crew Procedures Necessary for Controlling the CSM-Docked Configuration with the LEM DAP
118		10/27/69	Don Eyles	Landing Changes Put into LUMINARY 1C
119		10/30/69	Harry McOuat	New LOSSEM Numbers
120		11/5/69	Russ Larson	C13STALL
121		11/5/69	Bruce McCoy	What is LUMINARY 1C
122		11/6/69	Dana Densmore	LUMINARY Revisions 117 - 120
123		11/18/69	Don Eyles	More About Delta-Guidance
124		11/11/69	Dana Densmore	LUMINARY Revisions 121 - 130
125	COLOSSUS 232	11/21/69	D. Reinke	Work-around for P32 Bomb-Outs
126		12/2/69	Don Eyles	Delta-Guidance
127		12/3/69	Bruce McCoy	Re-release of LUMINARY 1C
128		12/3/69	Bruce McCoy	Level 6 Test Plan for LUMINARY 1C
129		12/5/69	Dana Densmore	LUMINARY Revisions 131
130		12/15/69	Russ Larson	LUMINARY 1C Program Notes
131		1/2/70	Dana Densmore	LUMINARY Revisions 132 - 135
132	COLOSSUS 240	1/8/70	Ken Greene	Definition and Usages of PCRs, PCNs, Anomalies & ACBs
133		1/9/70	Peter Volanta, G. Dunbar	Implementation of PCR 287
134		1/19/70	Dana Densmore	LUMINARY Revisions 136 - 139
135		1/23/70	Robert Covelli	Downrupt Losses During Periods of High Computer Activity Programs
136		1/29/70	Dana Densmore	LUMINARY Revisions 140 - 143
137		1/30/70	Russ Larson	LUM 131A REV 3 Testing
138		2/14/70	Don Eyles	Variable Guidance Period Servicer or Revision 1
139		3/3/70	Don Eyles	Description of Variable Servicer
140		3/4/70	Allan Klumpp	A Collection of Known Manifestatons of Time Loss in Luminary Revision 131 and LM131 Revision 001 — Suggested Work-Around Procedures
141		3/10/70	Larry Berman	Replacement of LOGSUB in LUMINARY
142		3/18/70	Dana Densmore	LUMINARY Revisions 144 - 147
143		3/24/70	Allan Klumpp	Automatic P66
144		4/6/70	Don Eyles	Variable Servicer Tests
145		5/5/70	Dana Densmore	LUMINARY Revisions 148 - 151
146		5/?/70	Robert Covelli	The New R12
147		5/5/70	Allan Klumpp, Don Eyles, Bruce McCoy	Lunar Terrain Model
148		5/11/70	Bruce McCoy	Call It LUMINARY 1D
149		5/13/70	Don Eyles	Further Tests of ZERLINA
150		5/15/70	Dana Densmore	LUMINARY Revisions 152 - 154
151		5/19/70	Dana Densmore	LUMINARY Revisions 155 - 158
152		5/21/70	Don Eyles	Cyclical PIPA Reader
153		5/26/70	Sharon Albert	Variable Servicer Tests
154		6/1/70	Larry Berman	Luminary Dev. Memo #141 — Replacement of LOGSUB
155		6/1/70	Bruce McCoy	LUMINARY 1D Re-Release
156		6/9/70	Dana Densmore	LUMINARY Revisions 159 - 163
157		6/10/70	Dana Densmore	LUMINARY Revisions 164 - 167
158		6/18/70	Bruce McCoy, Dana Densmore	Revision 163 - 173
159		7/10/70	Russ Larson	Luminary 1D Program Notes
160		7/16/70	David Moore	Descent Trajectory Monitor Package
161		7/17/70	Don Eyles	ZERLINA 31
162		7/20/70	Don Eyles	A New Landing Analog Displays Routine
163		7/21/70	Don Eyles	Z Lives
164		7/22/70	Phyllis Rye, Peter Peck	Account Numbers
165		7/28/70	Don Eyles	The Return of R10FLAG
166		7/23/70	David Moore	DVTOTAL vs. VGDISP Discrepancy in Powered Flight
167		8/17/70	Bruce McCoy, Phyllis Rye	Luminary 1D: Which One, What Kind, How Many?
167 (rev 1)		9/17/70	Bruce McCoy, Phyllis Rye	Luminary 1D: Which One, What Kind, How Many?
168		8/18/70	Robert Covelli	"Erasable Memory Program" for a Guided RCS Burn
169		9/1/70	Harry McOuat	Effect of LSPOS "Burn Skinny" in Luminary-1D
170		9/15/70	Bruce McCoy	Level 6 Testing for Apollo 14
171		9/16/70	Don Eyles	Introduction to ZERLINA 50
172		10/11/70	Dana Densmore	LUMINARY Revisions 179 & 180
173		10/12/70	Dana Densmore	LUMINARY Revision 181
174	COLOSSUS 293	10/9/70	Bill Robertson	Summary of Program Change Requests Involving Astrodynamic Coordinate Systems, Ephemerides and Orientations, etc.
175		10/13/70	Dana Densmore	LUMINARY Revision 182
176		10/14/70	Dana Densmore	LUMINARY Revision 183
177		10/22/70	Don Eyles	ZERLINA 56
178		10/20/70	Peter Weissman	Inputs to LM DAP During Descent and Ascent
179		10/27/70	Dana Densmore	LUMINARY Revisions 184 & 185
180		12/15/70	David Moore	Apollo 14 LM De-Orbit Test
181		12/15/70	Don Millard	IMU Alignments and LUMINARY 202
182		12/8/70	Dana Densmore	LUMINARY Revision 186
183		12/9/70	Dana Densmore	LUMINARY Revision 187
184		12/15/70	Dana Densmore	LUMINARY Revisions 188 - 190
185		12/17/70	Dana Densmore	LUMINARY Revision 191
186		12/22/70	David Moore	APS Impulse Burn for APOLLO 14
187		12/18/70	Dana Densmore	LUMINARY Revision 192
188		12/20/70	Dana Densmore	LUMINARY Revision 193
189		12/28/70	Dana Densmore	LUMINARY Revision 194
190		12/29/70	Dana Densmore	LUMINARY Revision 195
191		1/4/71	Harry McOuat	Fixed memory hardware related constants in Luminary 1D
192		1/5/71	Dana Densmore	LUMINARY Revision 196
193		1/8/71	Dana Densmore	LUMINARY Revisions 197, 198, 199
194		1/22/71	Allan Klumpp	Analysis of the Yaw Divergence at P64 Terminus
195		1/11/71	Dana Densmore	LUMINARY Revision 200
196		1/13/71	Dana Densmore	LUMINARY Revision 201 & 202
197		1/15/71	Dana Densmore	Luminary Revision 203
198		1/29/71	Craig Work, Peter Weissman	DAP performance in Apollo 14 Level 6 tests
199		2/12/71	David Moore	P99 — Erasable Memory Program for a Guided RCS Burn — Luminary 1E
200		2/22/71	V. Dunbar, Peter Volante	Implementation and Testing of PCR 324, PGNCS/AGS RR Data Transfer
201	COLOSSUS 310	2/16/71	Dana Densmore	DOWNRUPT SEQUENCING, LOST DOWNRUPTS, AND IMPAIRED DOWNLINK INFORMATION
202		2/16/71	Dana Densmore	Luminary Revision 204
203		2/23/71	Craig Work, Peter Weissman	Guidance and Contol Stability Tests of LUMINARY 1E
204		2/24/71	Dana Densmore	Luminary Revision 205
205		2/26/71	Dana Densmore	Luminary Revisions 206, 207, 208 and 209
206		3/9/71	Peter Weissman	Attitude Error Analysis in Special FACI APS Tests
207		3/17/71	David Moore	Post-FACI Luminary 1E Tests for R40, Engine-Fail Routine
208		3/16/71	Allan Klumpp	Apollo 14 Descent Simulation Dispersions: Terrain Model Mismatch Aggravates Drooping Trajectories in P64 and Low Descent Rate in P66
209		3/23/71	Peter Weissman	Update to Luminary Memo 178, "Inputs to LM DAP During Descent and Ascent"
210	COLOSSUS 312	3/23/71	Peter Volante, Bill Ostanek	Testing on Non Sign Agreement in TEPHEM in Apollo 14
211 (rev 1)		4/28/71	David Moore	"Erasable Memory Program" for a guided RCS burn (for Luminary 1E)
212		3/29/71	Larry Berman	Effects of Delayed Tipover on Ascent Trajectories
213		3/31/71	Craig Work	Guidance and Control Stability Tests of LUMINARY 1E, Part 2
214 (rev 1)		4/6/71	Luminary Test Group	Level 6 Test Description for Luminary 1E
215	COLOSSUS 316	4/20/71	William Robertson	Limitations in the Astrodynamic Orientation and Ephemeris Routines
216		4/23/71	Craig Schulenberg, Peter Weissman	Impact of PCR 1107 (Abort Bit Backup) on Apollo 15 Abort Procedures
217		5/6/71	Russ Larson	Luminary 1E Program Notes
218		5/19/71	David Moore	Apollo 15 LM De-Orbit Performance Test
219		5/26/71	Craig Schulenberg	Descent Abort Procedures for Apollo 15
220		6/4/71	Craig Schulenberg	Erasable Memory Program for LUMINARY Rev. 210 to Provide Backup for DSKY Keys
221		7/12/71	Craig Work	DAP performance in the Apollo 15 Level 6 Tests
222		6/15/71	Luminary Test Group	Summary of Level 6 Test Results for LUMINARY 1E
223		6/17/71	Craig Schulenberg	Correction to Luminary Memo #220, "Erasable Memory Program for LUMINARY Rev. 210 to Provide Backup for DSKY Keys"
224		6/22/71	Craig Schulenberg, Phyllis Rye	Revision 1 of Erasable Memory Program for Backup for DSKY Keys
225		7/8/71	Peter Volante	Failure Protection of the PGNCS/AGS RR Data Transfer
226
227		7/13/71	Luminary Test Group	Level 6 Test of DSKY Keystroke Backup Erasable Progeram for LUMINARY 1E
228		7/21/71	David Moore, Peter Volante	Using P99 LM Deorbit Erasable Program in Earth Orbit (with full DPS/APS configuration)
229		7/15/71	David Moore, Craig Work, Peter Weissman	Post-FSRR (Luminary 1E) Docked DPS Burns
230		9/10/71	Larry Berman	EFFECT ON ASCENT OF INCORRECT TIME IN AGC
231		11/8/71	Don Millard	Level 6 Test Description for Mission 16 (PRELIMINARY)
232		11/16/71	Don Eyles	Low Thrust Landings
233	COLOSSUS 326	11/23/71	Margaret Hamilton	EMPs
234	COLOSSUS 327	11/30/71	Bruce McCoy, Don Millard	EMP Control Procedures — Final Iteration
235 (rev 1)		2/22/72	Don Eyles	Tentative EMP for Broken CDUX
236		12/23/71	Larry Berman	Crew Corrections for Cross Range Error due to Uncompensated Orbit Precession
237
238
239		2/22/72	Don Eyles	EMPs to Display H and H-dot on the DSKY
240		3/2/72	Luminary Test Group	Luminary Level 6 Test Results for Mission 16
24X		4/14/72	Don Eyles	Latest EMP 103B
241
242
243
244		4/18/72	Don Eyles	EMP for P47 Ascent
245
246
247		9/1/72	Don Millard	Level 6 Test Description for Mission 17 (PRELIMINARY)
248
249
250		10/20/72	Luminary Test Group	Luminary Level 6 Test Results for Mission 17
251
252		11/20/72	Don Eyles	EMP to Convert a Bad HMEAS
≥ 253

COLOSSUS Memos

This is a series of memos from the MIT Instrumentation Lab dealing with issues of Colossus software development.  There are over 325 known COLOSSUS Memos, so the tiny selection we provide here is paltry indeed.

COLOSSUS Memo #	Date	Author	Subject
1	11/7/67	J. Rhode	Nothing's Here to Stay - Not Even KKK
52	4/24/68	C. Braunhardt	Standards for Verification Plans
56	5/2/68	M. Hamilton	COLOSSUS Revisions 197, 198, 199, and 200
57	5/6/68	M. Hamilton	COLOSSUS Revisions 201 and 202
58	5/13/68	Don Eyles	RTB
59	5/13/68	J. A. Saponaro	Problems Concerning the Lunar Sphere of Influence
60	5/14/68	M. Hamilton	COLOSSUS Revisions 203, 204 and 205
61	5/22/68	M. Hamilton	COLOSSUS Revisions 206, 207 and 208
62	6/3/68	M. Hamilton	COLOSSUS Revisions 209 and 210
64	6/14/68	M. Hamilton	COLOSSUS Revisions 213 and 214
66	6/19/68	Fred H. Martin	A Multiplier Effect While Using TLOSS During Simulations
67	6/21/68	M. Hamilton	COLOSSUS Revisions 215 and 216
68	6/26/68	M. Hamilton	COLOSSUS Revision 217
69	7/8/68	M. Hamilton	COLOSSUS Revisions 218 and 219
70	7/10/68	M. Hamilton	COLOSSUS Revision 220
72	7/18/68	M. Hamilton	COLOSSUS Revision 221
210	8/14/69	Al Engel, Bruce McCoy	RTCC Compatibility Testing at MIT, Current Understanding of Scope, Responsibilities, etc.
240	1/8/70	Ken Greene	Definition and Usages of PCRs, PCNs, Anomalies & ACBs
278	7/22/70	P. Rye, P. Peck	Account Numbers 0300 - 0400
293	10/9/70	Bill Robertson	Summary of Program Change Requests Involving Astrodynamic Coordinate Systems, Ephemerides and Orientations, etc.
310	2/16/71	Dana Densmore	DOWNRUPT SEQUENCING, LOST DOWNRUPTS, AND IMPAIRED DOWNLINK INFORMATION
312	3/23/71	Peter Volante, Bill Ostanek	Testing on Non Sign Agreement in TEPHEM in Apollo 14
316	4/20/71	William Robertson	Limitations in the Astrodynamic Orientation and Ephemeris Routines
326	11/23/71	Margaret Hamilton	EMPs
327	11/30/71	Bruce McCoy, Don Millard	EMP Control Procedures — Final Iteration

SKYLARK Memos, PCRs, and PCNs

SKYLARK, if you'll recall, is the AGC software that replaced COLOSSUS (and was adapted from it) in the command modules used for the Apollo-Skylab and Apollo-Soyuz missions.  We have the text of a few of the Program Change Requests (PCRs), though unfortunately as of yet, none of the Program Change Notices (PCNs), and just one of the Memos.  The table of PCRs and PCNs below mostly comes from Appendix A of Section 2 of the SKYLARK GSOP.  (Even so, the GSOP does not list all PCRs and PCNs, and is only current through March 1972.)

It's interesting to note that many of the changes listed in the PCRs are simply deletions of lunar code that would be unnecessary for a CM-to-Skylab mission.  I think that a "normal" software-developer perspective on this would be that deletion of the working code, even if the code itself is unnecessary, represents more of a risk in terms of creating undetected breakage than simply leaving the code in place and not using it would be.  However, in working with higher-reliability code — disclaimer: my only familiarity with such matters is in working with airborne code in the U.S., which is currently governed by a document called RTCA DO-178C, and thus I don't really know what they thought about it in 1970 in the space biz — there is a concept of "dead code", i.e., code that is never executed under the software requirements, and specifically never tested; the dead code must be completely removed from software beyond the absolute lowest level of criticality.  The theory behind this is that if somehow that dead code actually did manage to be executed for some reason, then the result would be bad.  I imagine that's the theory behind the removal in SKYLARK as well: i.e., the risk of executing bad code is worse than the risk of undetected breakage.  On the other hand, I suppose the removal could be just a matter of trying to reduce the cost, by physically removing a handful of ferrite memory cores and their associated wiring.  I wonder what the actual cost tradeoff would have been between lifting those cores into space vs all of the development and testing time associated with the removal?

Memo, PCR, or PCN #	Written	Approved	Author	Scope	Subject
SKYLARK Memo (unnumbered)	10/9/70	n/a	William M. Robertson	n/a	Summary of Program Change Requests Involving Astrodynamic Coordinate Systems, Ephemerides and Orientations, etc.
PCR SL003	2/25/70	1/28/71	R. O. Nobles	Code and GSOP	Improved short-burn logic to desensitize with respect to variations in the SPS engine.
PCR SL004	3/3/70	1/28/71	S. A. Gorman	Code and GSOP	Deletion of unneeded verb 94 (cislunar tracking).
PCR SL005	3/3/70	1/28/71	S. A. Gorman	Code and GSOP	Deletion of unneeded verb 59 (optics calibration mark).
PCR SL006	3/3/70	1/28/71	S. A. Gorman	Code and GSOP	Deletion of unneeded verb 52 (offset landing site mark).
PCR SL007	3/3/70	1/28/71	S. A. Gorman	Code and GSOP	Deletion of unneeded verbs 44 and 45 (set and reset of surface flag).
PCR SL008	3/3/70	1/28/71	S. A. Gorman	Code and GSOP	Deletion of unneeded routine 57 (optics calibration routine).
PCR SL009	3/3/70	1/28/71	S. A. Gorman	GSOP only	Deletion of unneeded routine 33 (CMC-LGC clock synchronization).
PCR SL010	3/3/70	1/28/71	S. A. Gorman	Code and GSOP	Deletion of unneeded routine 05 (S-band antenna routine) and verb 64.
PCR SL011	3/3/70	1/28/71	S. A. Gorman	Code and GSOP	Deletion of unneeded programs 72-76.
PCR SL012	3/3/70	1/28/71	S. A. Gorman	Code and GSOP	Deletion of unneeded programs 65 (up control) and 66 (ballistic).
PCR SL013	3/3/70	1/28/71	S. A. Gorman	Code and GSOP	Deletion of unneeded option 4 (lunar surface alignment) from programs 52 and 54.
PCR SL014	?	?	?	Code and GSOP	Program 39 deletion.
PCR SL015	?	?	?	Code and GSOP	Program 38 deletion
PCR SL016	3/3/70	1/28/71	S. A. Gorman	Code and GSOP	Deletion of unneeded program 37 (return-to-earth).
PCR SL017	3/3/70	1/28/71	S. A. Gorman	Code and GSOP	Deletion of unneeded program 23 (cislunar midcourse navigation).
PCR SL018	3/3/70	1/28/71	S. A. Gorman	Code and GSOP	Deletion of unneeded program 22 (orbital navigation).
PCR SL019	?	?	?	Code and GSOP	Program 24 deletion.
PCR SL021	3/3/70	1/28/71	S. A. Gorman	Code and GSOP	Deletion of program 32 (CSI) due to development of new targeting procedures (probably PCR SL030 below).
PCR SL022	2/26/70	1/28/71	Bedford F. Cockrell	Code and GSOP	Change of a constant to desensitize with respect to gravitational perturbation by the moon.
PCR SL025	2/26/70	1/28/71	Bedford F. Cockrell	Code and GSOP	Extend VHF range beyond limit of 327.67 nautical miles.
PCR SL030	2/27/70	1/28/71	R. R. Regelbrugge	Code and GSOP	Addition of NCC maneuver computation capability.
PCR SL032	6/10/70	1/28/71	M. C. Contella	Code and GSOP	Incorporation of smoothing filter for VHF range rate computation and display.
PCR SL033	7/29/70	1/28/71	Bedford F. Cockrell	Code and GSOP	Use of fixed coordinate system to avoid mission-by-mission coordinate-system changes.
SKYLAB Memo 3-70 (SKYLARK Memo 23A?)	7/29/70	n/a	William M. Robertson	n/a	Detailed software-design data regarding PCR SL033.
PCR SL035	7/7/70	1/28/71	S. G. Bales	Code and GSOP	Addition of TEPHEM to telemetry downlist.
PCR SL036	7/9/70	1/28/71	C. B. Parker	Code and GSOP	New (backup) method of specifying attitude data in case of star tracker failure.
SKYLARK Memo 27	4/20/71	n/a	William Robertson	n/a	Limitations in the Astrodynamic Orientation and Ephemeris Routines
PCR SL040	?	?	?	?	Skylab digital autopilot
PCR SL042	?	?	?	?	Skylab four maneuver DKI sequence
PCR SL048	?	?	?	?	Conversion of RCS DAP phase plane fixed memory constants of erasable load.
PCR SL051 REV 1	?	?	?	Code and GSOP	Skylark downlist changes
PCR SL400	?	?	?	Code and GSOP	Program 15 deletion
PCR SL402	?	?	?	Code and GSOP	Eliminate 481 day TEPHEM limitation in Lunar-Solar ephemerides routine
PCR SL405	?	?	?	?	Transform optics angles to tracking angles.
PCN SL409	?	?	?	Code and GSOP	Modification to PCR SL022
PCN SL410	?	?	?	Code and GSOP	Delete Lunar capability
PCN SL411	?	?	?	Code and GSOP	Delete HAM targetting program
PCN SL412	?	?	?	Code and GSOP	Delete ECSTEER
PCR SL413	?	?	?	?	ATM orientation determination program (P50)
PCR SL414	?	?	?	?	Docked alignment capability in P51
PCR SL415	?	?	?	?	Docked alignment capability in P52
PCR SL416	?	?	?	Code and GSOP	Add gyro trim to R50
PCN SL417	?	?	?	Code and GSOP	Deletion of 9 dimensional capability
PCN SL422	?	?	?	Code and GSOP	Initialize rendezvous navigation to update the CSM state vector
PCR SL423	?	?	?	Code and GSOP	Change conic to precision integration in all rendezvous targetting programs.
PCR SL424	?	?	?	Code and GSOP	Improve minkey gyro torquing logic
PCR SL428	?	?	?	?	Modification of Skylark Memo #14: Preliminary Skylab Rendezvous Targeting Plan for the Skylab GSOP
PCR SL431	?	?	?	?	R04 roll preference specification
PCR SL434	?	?	?	Code and GSOP	Correct αATM in P50.
PCN SL435	?	?	?	Code and GSOP	Do not automatically take VHF in P20
PCN SL436	?	?	?	Code and GSOP	Nominal use of ATM sources in P52 and P54.
PCN SL438	?	?	?	Code and GSOP	Incorrect star tracker angle in P55.
PCR SL439 REV 1	?	?	?	Code and GSOP	VHF range rate filter enable/disable by extended verb.
PCN SL442	?	?	?	Code and GSOP	Modification to R22
PCR SL448	?	?	?	?	Modification no. 4 to Skylark memo no. 14
PCR SL449	?	?	?	?	Forced firings for docked DAP auto maneuvers
PCR SL452	?	?	?	?	Precision integration for V90
PCR SL454	?	?	?	?	Docked DAP alarm codes
PCN SL455	?	?	?	Code and GSOP	Change to P35, P36 and R00 to fix anomaly ART 07
PCN SL456	?	?	?	Code and GSOP	Zeroing HOLDFLAG
PCR SL459	?	?	?	?	VHFR changes
PCR SL464	?	?	?	Code and GSOP	Set NN = 0 in P35
PCN SL467	?	?	?	Code and GSOP	Change VHFTIME to MARKTIME on the powered downlist.

SCB Meeting Notes

The Software Control Board (or perhaps Software Change Board, or perhaps Software Configuration Board, or even Software Configuration Control Board ... I'm not really sure, but does it really make a difference?) meetings were meetings held between the MIT Instrumentation Lab and the Manned Spacecraft Center, and I presume other parties as needed, to approve or disapprove PCRs (Program Change Requests) and PCNs (Program Change Notices), as well as to report the closure of such items.  As such, they can serve (for our purposes) to fill in gaps in LUMINARY Memo or COLOSSUS Memo series in order to track AGC revision-to-revision changes.  We don't have many of these, but Don Eyles has given us a few in order to help understand some of the changes in Luminary 131 for Apollo 13 that weren't tracked by the LUMINARY Memos.

• SCB Meeting #19, June 27, 1968 (full-resolution scan at our Internet Archive site)
  
• SCB Meeting #20, July 10, 1968 (full-resolution scan at our Internet Archive site)
  
• SCB Meeting #24, September 19, 1968 (full-resolution scan at our Internet Archive site)
  
• SCB Meeting #28, January 23, 1969 (full-resolution scan at our Internet Archive site)
  
• SCB Meeting #29, February 19, 1969 (full-resolution scan at our Internet Archive site)
  
• SCB Meeting, October 9, 1969
• SCB Meeting #33, November 13, 1969
• SCB Meeting #34, December 18, 1969
• SCB Meeting #35, February 4, 1970
  
• SCB Meeting #36, March 6, 1970
• SCB Meeting #37, April 9, 1970
  
• SCB Meeting #38, May 18, 1970
• SCB Meeting #39, July 10, 1970
• SCB Meeting #40, August 14, 1970
• SCB Meeting #41, September 30, 1970
• SCB Meeting #42, November 5, 1970
• SCB Meeting #43, January 14, 1971

Miscellaneous AGC/DSKY Problems and Changes

Various sections above cover problem and change reports for a variety of specific areas of implementation or responsibility (LUMINARY, SKYLARK, SCB resolution, etc.).  Reports that don't obviously fit into any of those areas of specification are collected in this section.

• Allen Harano, "Changes Between Prototype and Production CGC/LGC's" (1966)
• Eldon Hall, "DSKY Display Program" (1967)
• George Silver, "Changes made to AURORA 85 Program for Re-release as AURORA 88" (1966)
• A series of sets of reference cards listing the differences between items (such as the AGC, DSKY, IMU, AOT, ...) used for qualification of the hardware, vs the flight hardware, in terms of the applicable ECPs:
• Set 1
• Set 2
• Set 3
  

AGC/DSKY Inventory

In this section, we collect documents whose primary interest for us is that they discuss the disposition of specific AGC/DSKY units, and/or refer to them or their constituent modules specifically in terms of their part numbers and serial numbers.  In other words, anything that allows us to discuss what AGC/DSKY units or their constituent parts (like software) were used for what purposes.  There are other documents which also contain such information but which were cataloged before this specific category of documents was invented, so it may take a while before all such information is linked here.

• "G & N System Inventory" (1969)
  
• "Chronological History of Computer Malfunctions in System 200 from March of 1966 to May 1971" (1971)
• "KSC Rope Module Status" (1971)
• "KSC Rope Module Status" (1972)
• "SKYLOTS (Skylab B Optical Telescope System)" (1970)
• "Where and What are the Computers as of August 31, 1970" (1970)
  

Apollo Experience Reports

• "Evolution of the Rendezvous-Maneuver Plan for Lunar-Landing Missions" by James D. Alexander and Robert W. Becker.
• "Mission Planning for Lunar Module Descent and Ascent" by Floyd V. Bennet.
  
• "Lunar Module Display and Control Subsystem" by Andrew J. Farkas.
• Guidance and Control Systems:
• "Digital Autopilot Design Development" by William H. Peters and Kenneth J. Cox.
• "Engineering Simulation Program" by David W. Gilbert.
• "Primary Guidance, Navigation, and Control System Development", by M. D. Holley, W. L. Swingle, S. L. Bachman, C. J. LeBlanc, H. T. Howard, and H. M. Biggs.
• "Mission Control Programer for Unmanned Missions AS-202, Apollo 4, and Apollo 6" by Gene F. Holloway
• "Automated Control System for Unmanned Mission AS-201" by Gene F. Holloway.
• "Lunar Module Abort Guidance System" by Pat M. Kurten.
• "Command and Service Module Stabilization and Control System" by Orval P. Littleton.
• "CSM Service Propulsion System Gimbal Actuators" by William A. McMahon.
  
• "Orbital-Rate-Drive Electronics for the Apollo Command Module and Lunar Module" by Roy B. Parker and Paul E. Sollock.
• "Command and Service Module Entry Monitor Subsystem" by Ben Reina, Jr., and Herbert G. Patterson.
  
• "Lunar Module Mission Programer" by Jesse A. Vernon.
• "Guidance and Control Systems" by Raymond E. Wilson, Jr.
• "Flight-Control Data Needs, Terminal Display Devices, and Ground System Configuration Requirements" by Richard A. Hoover.
• "Abort Planning" by Charles T. Hyle, Charles E. Foggatt, and Bobbie D. Weber.
• "The Application of a Computerized Visualization Capability to Lunar Missions" by Charles T. Hyle and Alfred N. Lunde.
• "Lunar Module Instrumentation Subsystem" by David E. O'Brien III and Jared R. Woodfill IV.
• "Flight Planning for Manned Space Operations" by John W. O'Neill, J. B. Cotter, and T. W. Holloway.
  
• "Lunar Module Landing Radar and Rendezvous Radar" by Patrick Rozas and Allen R. Cunningham.
  
• "Onboard Navigational and Alignment Software" by Robert T. Savely, Bedford F. Cockrell, and Samuel Pines.
• "Development of Guidance Targeting Techniques for the Command Module and Launch Vehicle" by Jerome D. Yencharis, Robert F. Wiley, Robert S. Davis, Quentin A. Holmes, and Kenneth T. Zeiler.
  

Miscellaneous Guidance & Navigation

These items are alphabetical by author, though the "author" is sometimes an organization when no individual authors are listed.

• AC/Delco Electronics, "Apollo Command Module Guidance and Navigation System, Block I: Guidance and Navigation System Checkout, Maintenance, and Repair Manual" (1964)
• AC/Delco Electronics, "Apollo Command Module Block II Primary Guidance, Navigation, and Control System Manual", March 10, 1966:
• Part 1
• Part 2
• Part 3
• Part 4
  
• AC/Delco Electronics, "Apollo Lunar Excursion Module Primary Guidance, Navigation, and Control System Manual" (1966).  This document came from the Mortimer family's collection (thanks, Ken!).  It is an early version (the earliest, in fact) of ND-1021042.  A much later version (from 1972) appears above in the AGC electrical schematics section.  If I understand correctly what I've been told, we are hoping that this particular version of the document specifically relates to the AGC with serial number "RAY-15", which was the AGC preceding the first "flight" model (RAY-16), but is significant because RAY-15 still physically exists and we may be able to give more detailed information about it later.
• Volume 1 of 2.  (The hyperlink to the left is to a downsampled version, for convenient download, but the full-quality scan can be found in our Internet Archive collection.)  If you have looked at our 1972 version of volume 1, you will have noted that roughly 175 pages are missing from that 1972 version.  Those 175 pages are the ones discussing the theory of operation of the "control sequences" (microcode of the CPU) in detail.  Those pages are not missing from this version!  I daresay those pages form the most-extensive discussion of the Block II AGC microcode to which we have access.
  
• Volume 2 of 2.  (The hyperlink to the left is to a downsampled version, for convenient download, but the full-quality scan can be found in our Internet Archive collection.)  This volume is notable because it contains a lot of electrical-schematic data for the Block II AGC, relating to stuff like (for example) decoding of the "control sequences" (microcode) of the CPU.  Those schematics are not merely a supplemental form of the 1972 version referenced above, but also differs from them in some significant ways.
• AC/Delco Electronics, "Apollo Command Module Block II Primary Guidance, Navigation, and Control System Manual" (1966).  This is document ND-1021043 (donated by the Mortimer family, with scanning financially sponsored by Mike Stewart and me).  It purports to be applicable to AGC model p/n 2003100-021. The link is to a reduced-size version of the document for easy download, but you can also see the full-quality scans in our Internet Archive collection.
• AC/Delco Electronics, Apollo 11 Manual.  The link is to a PDF with searchable text, somewhat reduced in quality to make it a relatively small download, but the full-quality archival scans are in our Internet Archive stash. I did the scans myself (from a physical copy lent by James Berry, thanks James!), and it may be worth noting that because I'm lazy I scanned the left-hand and right-hand pages simultaneously, and didn't split them up afterward. In other words, every "page" is really two pages side-by-side.  Anyone who absolutely hates that is welcome to split the pages up in a more-normal way and send me a link.
  
• AC/Delco Electronics, Apollo 15 manual.  This document seems to have no title, document number, date, or revision, but it (and its companions for other missions) is the most useful source in most respects for information about interfacing the AGC to the remainder of the guidance system.  (Scanned by Frank O'Brien for the Apollo Flight Journal / Apollo Lunar Surface Journal websites.)
• AC/Delco Electronics, Apollo 16 manual.
• AC/Delco Electronics, CM/LM PGNCS Computer Subsystem Familiarization (1969)
  
• AC/Delco Electronics, LM PGNCS Study Guide, "LM Digital Autopilot, Program Sundance, Revision 302" (1968)
• AC/Delco Electronics, Block I (Series 100) Study Guide, "G&N System Familiarization" (1965).  (The link just given is to a PDF.  The full-resolution raw scans are on our Internet Archive project page.)
• AC/Delco Electronics, Block I (Series 100) Student Study Guide, "G&N Hardware Functions and Mechanization" (1966).   (The link just given is to a PDF.  The full-resolution raw scans are on our Internet Archive project page.)
• AC/Delco Electronics, Apollo Guidance and Navigation Lunar Module Student Study Guide, "Computer Utility Programs"  (1967)
• AC/Delco Electronics, SID-64-1860-14, Extended Apollo Systems Utilization Study, Final Report, Volume 14: Guidance and Navigation (1964)
• AC/Delco Electronics, "K-Start Tape Maintenance Procedure" (1970)
  
• Arland L. Actkinson, "Project Apollo: Verification of LM AGS Rendezvous Navigation Using Automatic Data for Apollo 15" (1971)
• Ralph Albon, K-start tape memo (1971)
  
• James D. Alexander and Mary T. Alexander, "Trajectory Information for Initial Planning of Terminal Phase of Coelliptic Sequence Rendezvous in Lunar Orbit" (1968)
  
• Ramon L. Alonso, Hugh Blair-Smith, and Albert L. Hopkins, Some Aspects of the Logical Design of a Control Computer: A Case Study (1971)
  
• Ramon L. Alonso et al., A Digital Control Computer Developmental Model 1B (1962)
  
• Ramon L. Alonso and Albert L. Hopkins, The Apollo Guidance Computer (1963)
  
• Ramon L. Alonso, Albert L. Hopkins, and Herbert A. Thaler, A Multiprocessing Structure (1967)
  
• Ramon L. Alonso and J. Hal Laning, Design Principles for a General Control Computer (1960)
• James H. Alphin, Billy G. Taylor, and Burl G. Kirkland, "Project Apollo: LM Powered Descent Trajectory for the Apollo Lunar Landing Mission" (1968)
• Anonymous, "Block II Self-Check"
• Aviation Week Magazine, More Apollo Guidance Flexibility Sought (1964)
• Gus R. Babb, Jr., "Translunar LM DPS Abort Techniques for Advanced Lunar Missions" (1968).  To quote from the summary, "An abort technique is examined in which the SM is jettisoned and emergency life support is provided by the LM."  As if that could ever happen.
  
• D. O. Baechler and P. S. Schaenman, Bellcomm, Replacement of Electromechanical Components by Solid State Components, Case 103 (1968)
• David S. Baker, Norman E. Sears, John B. Suomala, and Robert L. White, E-1429, "Lunar Orbit Determination by Star Occultations and MSFN Tracking" (1963)
• Gayle D. Barrow, "Evaluation of Nine Lunar Modules for Apollo"
  
• R. Battin et al., The Compleat Sunrise being a description of Program Sunrise (Sunrise 33 - NASA DWG# 1021102) (1964)
• Richard H. Battin, R-341: A Statistical Optimizing Navigation Procedure for Space Flight (1962)
• Jerome A. Bell, "Project Apollo: Planned Rendezvous Technique Following LM Abort from Powered Descent" (1969)
• Jerome A. Bell and Mary T. Alexander, "Preliminary Analyses of LM Abort and CSM Rescue from 60 Nautical Mile CSM Orbit During the Hohmann Descent Phase" (1968)
  
• Jerome A. Bell and Allan L. Dupont, "Preliminary Analysis of LM Abort and CSM Rescue from a 60 Nautical Mile Circular Orbit Following an LM Abort from Powered Descent" (1968)
  
• Bellcomm, Feasibility Study for Simplified Apollo Guidance - Case 310 (1968)
• Bellcomm, "Lunar Orbit Rendezvous Reference Trajectory Data Package" (1964)
  
• Bendix Corporation, "Documentation of Digital Computer Programs for Lunar Landing" (1964)
  
• Floyd V. Bennett and Thomas G. Price, "Study of Powered Descent Trajectories for Manned Lunar Landings" (1963)
  
• Bissett-Berman Corporation, "Apollo Guidance and Navigation Notes, Part 2" (1963).  Note that this is a large compilation, about 450 pages, of 50 shorter documents, each of which would normally have its own entry here if it had been provided separately.
  
• Hugh Blair-Smith, Annotations for Eldon Hall's book, Journey to the Moon:  The History of the Apollo Guidance Computer (1997).  This is an etext created by Mr. Hugh Blair-Smith, rather than a scan of a historical document.
• T. J. Blucker, "Apollo CSM and LM Onboard Navigation System Constraints" (1968)
  
• Victor R. Bond, "Project Apollo: Determination of the LEM Landing Site Inertial Coordinates by CSM Landmark Type Sightings" (1966)
  
• George H. Born, Characteristics of Apollo-Type Lunar Orbits (1966)
  
• D. J. Bowler, Auxiliary Memory System, Final Report on Phase I (1968)
• Donald J. Bowler, et al., E-2463, Apollo Guidance Computer Improvement Study (1970)
• M. V. Bullock and A. J. Ferrari, "Orbit Determination and Prediction for Apollo 11 LPO Using POLAR" (1969)
• George P. Callas and Robert B. Merrick, "Manual Abort Guidance from the Midcourse Region of a Lunar Mission" (1966)
• K. M. Carlson, "Lunar Trajectory Geometry" (1969)
  
• F. B. Cauchon and R. L. Peterson, "Apollo Command and Service Module Stabilization and Control System Design Survey" (1965)
• Donald C. Cheatham, "Project Apollo: A Proposed Terminology for the LEM Powered Descent and Landing Maneuver" (1964)
  
• George W Cherry, R-417, "A Class of Unified Explicit Methods for Steering Throttleable and Fixed-Thrust Rockets" (1964)
• Robert G. Chilton, "Apollo Spacecraft Control Systems" (1965)
• W. B. Chubb and S. M. Seltzer, "Skylab Attitude and Pointing Control System" (1971)
  
• B. F. Cockrell, "RTCC Requirements for Mission G: Lunar Module Attitude Determination Using Onboard Observations" (1968)
  
• F. Don Cooper, "A Method of Implementing Cutoff Conditions for Saturn V Lunar Missions Out of Earth Parking Orbit Assuming a Continuous Ground Launch Window" (1965)
  
• Ina L. Cooper, M. L. Einhorn, D. B. Erwin, and W. R. Lee, Jr., TRW-3300-H017-RU000, "Apollo Circumlunar Abort Guidance Capability" (1965)
  
• Edward M. Copps Jr., Recovery from Transient Failures of the Apollo Guidance Computer (1968)
• D. A. Corey, "The Development and Implementation of the Cross Product Guidance Equations - Case 310" (1967)
  
• D. A. Corey, T. S. Englar, B. G. Niedfeldt, and R. V. Sperry, Bellcomm TR-66-310-4, "Summary of Apollo Guidance and Navigation Error Analysis" (1966)
• D. A. Corey and S. L. Levie, Jr., "Analysis of the First Translunar Midcourse Correction for the Apollo C' Mission" (1968)
  
• Kenneth J. Cox, "A Case Study of the Apollo Lunar Module Digital Autopilot" (1969).
• Kenneth J. Cox, "Design Development of the Apollo Lunar Module" (1969)
  
• S. W. Crigler and T. J. Blucker, "Project Apollo: A Method for Star Vector Determination from Alinement Optical Telescope Sighting" (1971)
  
• Robert Crisp and D. Keene, Apollo Command and Service Module Reaction Control by the Digital Autopilot (1968)
• John M. Dahlen, Phillip G. Felleman, Richard D. Goss, Norman E. Sears, Milton B. Trageser, and Robert L. White, R-373, "Guidance and Navigation System for Lunar Excursion Module" (1962).
  
• John M. Dahlen and Malcolm W. Johnston, E-1473, "Analysis of LEM Mission Inertial Uncertainties" (1963)
  
• John Dahlen, Thomas Heinsheimer, and John Suomala, E-1359, "Flight Test Plan, Apollo Guidance and Navigation System AGE-5" (1963)
  
• John M. Dahlen and James H. Long, E-1287, "Backup Thrust Vector Control" (1963)
• J. M. Dahlen and J. L Nevins, R-447, "Navigation for the Apollo Program" (1964)
• John Dahlen and John Suomala, E-1398, "Comments on the Lunar Landing Mission Plan of 15 April 1963" (1963)
• George A. Davidson and Arthur C. Hardy, E-1492, "On the Perception of Flashes of Light at the Limit of their Perceptibility" (1964)
• William Day and Jayne Partridge, E-2218, "Lead Failure Study for the Motorola 1-mil Wedge-Bonded 1006323 Transistor" (1967)
  
• Eugene J. DeNezza and Mark S. Dittrich, "Orbit and Landmark Determination During Lunar Orbit" (1963)
  
• C. S. Draper volunteering to become an astronaut, and Robert Seamans replying (1961)
  
• C. S. Draper et al., R-500, Space Navigation Guidance and Control. Volume I. (1965)
• C. S. Draper et al., R-500, Space Navigation Guidance and Control. Volume II. (1965)
• Charles M. Duke Jr. and Michael S. Jones, Human Performance during a Simulated Apollo Mid-Course Navigation Sighting (1964)
• J. C. Dunbar, R. A. Larson and P. T. Augart, An Automated Documentation Technique for Integrating Apollo Crew Procedures and Computer Logic (1966)
• Maxime A. Faget, The Evolution of Flight Control of the Apollo Mission (1976)
• Philip G. Felleman, Hybrid Simulation of the Apollo Guidance Navigation and Control System (1966).
• F. M. Flanagan et al., "Deep Space Network Support of the Manned Space Flight Network for Apollo":
• Volume 1 (1970): 1962-1968
• Volume 2 (1971): 1969-1970
  
• James H. Flanders and Richard A. McKern, E-1541, "Test Results on Apollo Inertial Subsystem (ISS) #4" (1964)
  
• Ernest M. Fridge, "Project Apollo: Logic and Equations for the Real-Time Calculations of the Powered Descent Abort Constants" (1969)
• James P. Gardner et al., "Comments on Problems Relating to the Lunar Landing Vehicle" (1958)
  
• Frank E. Gauntt, Digitally Controlled Pulse Torquing of Precision Intertial Instruments (1957).
• P. J. Gilinson, Jr., C. R. Dauwalter, and J. A. Scoppettuolo, R-367, "A Multirange Precision Torque Measuring Device" (1962)
  
• F. K. Glick and S. R. Femino, A Comprehensive Digital Simulation for the Verification of Apollo Flight Software (1970).
• A. F. H. Goetz, "A Proposed Plan for Geologic Exploration on the Second Apollo Landing Mission - Case 710" (1968)
  
• Frederic D. Grant, Jr., E-1212 (preliminary), IMU Error Data for Apollo Trajectories, September 1962.
• Frederic D. Grant, E-1482, Inflight Alignment Errors of the IMU Stable Member, December 1963.
• F. D. Grant, R-466, Vibration Effects on Apollo Guidance, October 1964.
  
• Alan I. Green and Joseph J. Rocchio, Keyboard and Display System Program for AGC (Program SUNRISE) (1964).
  
• Alan Green, Keyboard and Display Program and Operation (1967).
• Alan I. Green and Robert J. Filene, Keyboard and Display Program and Operation (1967).
• Grumman, LED-540-1, Radar Requirements Report, April 3, 1963.
• Grumman, Minutes of Radar Requirements Coordination Meeting #1, March 21-22, 1963:  Day 1 and Day 2.
  
• Grumman, LSP-370-3, Lunar Excursion Module Primary Guidance, Navigation and Control Subsystem Equpment (GFE), Performance and Interface Specification, March 18, 1966.
• Grumman, LEM CES and AGS, September 1966.  This is a set of block diagrams and other high-level data concerning the LEM.  It is excerpted from a larger training course by Grumman.  (Contributed by Fabrizio Bernardini.)
• Grumman, excerpts from LEM Guidance, Navigation, and Control Subsystem Course No. 30315, 30415, March 1966.  (Contributed by Fabrizio Bernardini.)
• Grumman, beautiful photos of an early LM control panel (September 1968) and the LMP's panel (Apollo 14).  (Contributed by Paul Fjeld.)
• The Guidance Software Validation Committee, Apollo Guidance Software Development and Validation Plan (1967).
• Clarke T. Hackler, James R. Brickel, Herbert E. Smith, and Donald C. Cheatham, Lunar Module Pilot Control Considerations, February 1968.
  
• Eldon C. Hall, The Apollo Guidance Computer - A Designer's View (1982).
• Eldon C. Hall, Case History of the Apollo Guidance Computer (1966).
• Eldon C. Hall, A Case history of the AGC Integrated Logic Circuits (1965).
• Eldon C. Hall, Computer Displays (1962).
• Eldon C. Hall, From the Farm to Pioneering with Digital Computers: An Autobiography (2000).
• Eldon C. Hall, General Design Characteristics of the Apollo Guidance Computer (1963).
• Eldon C. Hall, Reliability History of the Apollo Guidance Computer (1972).
• Eldon C. Hall and Richard Jansson, Miniature Packaging of Electronics in Three-Dimensional Form (1959).
• Eldon Hall, J. Miller, J. Aronson, and A. Lattanzi, R-348 (rev. A), Specification for Procurement of Apollo Inertial Reference Integrating Gyro, August 1962.
• M. Hamilton and S. Zeldin, E-2728, "Top-Down, Bottom-Up Structured Programming and Program Structuring" (1972)
  
• James A. Hand, Computer-Aided Inertial Platform Realignment in Manned Space Flight (1968).
  
• L. David Hanley, Solid State DSKY Study (1968)
  
• David L. Hanley, Jayne Partridge, and Eldon C. Hall, The Application of Failure Analysis in Procuring and Screening of Integrated Circuits (1965).
• Arthur C. Hardy, E-1134, "Photometric Units in the MKS System" (1962)
• James V. Harrison, "K-START Tape Numbering System Change" (1969)
  
• W. G. Heffron, Bellcomm memorandum, "S/C 101 Software First Article Configuration Inspection - Case 310" (1967).  This relates to the SUNDISK software.
• W. G. Heffron, "Organization of Half Size AGC Computer Program - Case 310" (1968).
• R. Hendrick, C. Wandrey, S. Hummel, and R. Sackett, "Final Report: Advanced Control System for the Saturn V Configuration" (1963)
  
• R. H. Herring, "Final Report: Integrated Circuit Application to Apollo UDL" (1965)
• G. R. Hewitt, J. G. Tuck, and N. Kovalevsky, "Final Report, Launch & Space Vehicle Control Studies, Volume I: Digitized Non-Linear Filter for Launch Vehicle Application" (1967)
  
• David G. Hoag, Apollo Navigation, Guidance, and Control Systems: A Progress Report (1969).
  
• David G. Hoag, The History of Apollo On Board Guidance and Navigation (1976).
• David G. Hoag, LEM Guidance Computer Programs to be Supplied by MIT (1965).
• R. F. Hoelker and N. J. Braud, "Survey and Classification of Earth-Moon Trajectories Based on Newly Discovered Properties" (1963).
  
• C. Lester Hogan, "Types of Integrated Circuits" (1964).
• Albert L. Hopkins Jr., Ramon Alonso, and Hugh Blair-Smith, "Logical Description for the Apollo Guidance Computer (AGC4)" (1963).
• Albert L. Hopkins, "Electronic Navigator Charts Man's Path to the Moon" (1967).
  
• Albert L. Hopkins, "A Fault-Tolerant Information Processing Concept for Space Vehicles." (1970).
• Gerald L. Hunt, MSC-65-FM-157, "Apollo Reentry Guidance and Navigation Equations and Flow Logic" (1965)
• IBM, "Astrionics System Designers Handbook":
• Volume I
• Volume II
  
• Richard M. Jansson, E-1173, "The Heat Transfer Properties of Structural Elements for Space Instruments" (1962)
  
• C. D. Johnson, "A Study of Minimax Solutions for Saturn Control Problems" (1967).
  
• Madeline S. Johnson, "A list of titles and authors", MSJ Memo #7-69.  I deduce from this numbering scheme that Madeline must have written a lot of memos.
  
• Malcolm W. Johnston, "A Manual LEM Backup Guidance System" (1964).
• Jerome W. Kahanek, 68-FM-67, "Logic and Equations for the Real-Time Computation of the LM Launch Targeting and Display" (1968).  Archival-quality scan at our Internet Archive site.
  
• Jerome W. Kahanek, 70-FM-198, "Skylab Program:  Skylab Launch Window Processor" (1970).  The archival-quality scan is available at our Internet Archive site.
  
• David N. Kaye, "The Indispensible Men" (1969).
• W. M. Keese et al., "Management Procedures in Computer Programming for Apollo - Interim Report" (1964).
• W. M. Keese, B. H. Liebowitz, W. J. Martin, I. D. Nehama, and A. H. Scheinman, Bellcomm, "Status and Schedules Monitoring of Apollo Software" (1965)
• Edward J. Kenyon, 68-FM-119, "Logic for the Earth Orbital AEG in the Apollo Real-Time Rendezvous Support Program" (1968).  The full archival-resolution scans are available at our Internet Archive site.
  
• Larry A. Kiefling, "Structural Deformations in the Saturn Instrument Unit" (1967)
• C. M. Klingman and J. L. Marshall, "Command Module Programmers for Unmanned Apollo Missions" (1964)
  
• Allan R. Klumpp, "A Manually Retargeted Automatic Descent and Landing System for LEM" (1966).
• Allan R. Klumpp, "Apollo Lunar-Descent Guidance" (1971).
• P. R. Knaff, "Gemini and Apollo Spacecraft Controls and Displays" (1963)
  
• Ronald Kolenkiewicz and William Putney, "Injection Conditions for Lunar Trajectories" (1965)
  
• Kollsman Instrument Corporation, "Apollo Optical Subsystem and LM Alignment Optical Telescope" (1970)
• Volume I
• Volume II-1
• Volume II-2
  
• Robert W. Korb, "Multilayer Printed Wiring Board Investigation" (1965)
  
• Richard L. Kurkowski and Gordon H. Hardy, "Saturn V Manual Backup Guidance and Control Piloted Simulation Study" (1968)
  
• J. Hal Laning and N. Zierler, "A Program for Translation of Mathematical Equations for Whirlwind I." (1954).
• F. LaPiana and P. A. Whitlock, "ΔV Cost of Updating the Landing Site During the LM Descent Braking Phase - Case 310" (1969)
  
• A. LaPointe, E-1808, "Rope Memory Module Assembly Processing Procedures" (1965).
  
• T. J. Lawton and C. J. Muntz, "Organization of Computation and Control in the Apollo Guidance Computer" (1965).
• Jonathan Leavitt, Portafam System Operational Description (1969).
  
• Stuard D. Lenett, "Apollo Digital Up-Data Link Description", NASA Technical Memorandum TM-X-1146.
  
• Jerome E. Levy, E-1114, "Glossary of Terms and Symbols" (1962).
• D. J. Lickly, H. R. Morth, and B. S. Crawford, R-415, "Apollo Reentry Guidance" (1963).
• Frederick W. Lipps, "Formulation of Rendezvous Navigation Plans for Missions D, E, and G" (1968)
• E. Lloyd and J. H. Mashburn, "Preliminary LM Abort and CSM Rescue Plan for Apollo Mission G:
• Volume II: Rendezvous Following Anytime LM Lift-Off (1969)
  
• Bernard Marcantel, "Stability Analysis of Apollo Attitude Control during Service Propulsion Thrusting" (1969)
  
• K. E. Martersteck, "AAP LM-A GN&C System Functions - Case 610" (1969).
  
• Frederick H. Martin and Richard H. Battin, "Computer Controlled Steering of the Apollo Spacecraft" (1967).
• Frederick H. Martin and Richard H. Battin, "Computer-Controlled Steering of the Apollo Spacecraft," Spacecraft, 5 (1968), 400 - 407.
• Martin Corporation, "Final Report: Guidance and Controls" (1961):
• Part I
  
• Part II.
  
• Robert J. Maselek, R-735, "Traverse Gravimeter - CEI 2025000, FS-2 Qualification Unit Test Report" (1972)
• Harold E. Maurer, E-1926, "A Design Procedure for Radiation Hardening Certain NOR Gate Logic Circuits" (1966)
  
• John F. McKenna, Jr., E-2462, "SIMFAM: Description and Operation" (1970).  SIMFAM is a "braid memory" adapter used for ground testing of the AGC, allowing you to use braid memory in place of the AGC's normal core memory.  There is a (paywalled) 1966 paper about braid memory in the IEEE Transactions on Electronic Computers, by Aldrich and Alonso.  "Braid memory" is apparently a term invented by the authors of the paper.  It is a form of "transformer memory".  Transformer memory, to quote the paper, "make[s] use of magnetic coupling, linear, or nonlinear, between a set of interrogation lines and a set of sense lines. ...  The appeal of such memories is based on the permanence of the information, which is of advantage in control systems, and on the intuitive feeling that it should be possible to build large (about 10⁶ bits), fast (about 1μs cycle time), fixed memories at a cost substantially below that of equivalent core storage," in spite of the fact that the cost of core memory was "rapidly dropping" at that time.   In particular, the "braid" variety of transformer memories, based on something called a Dimond switch, could be manufactured by being woven on a loom in order to reduce manufacturing cost.  Each "braid" is a string of transformers, with each step of the weaving process adding another transformer to the string, so the speed of manufacture could be increased simply by having the loom simultaneously operate on more braids in parallel.  They mention that a 64-string loom was in operation and that a 256-string loom was under development (see picture to the right).
  
• J. McNeil, J. E. Miller and J. Sitomer, "Use of Body Mounted Inertial Sensors in an Apollo Guidance, Navigation and Control System" (1966).
• Gene McSwain, "Apollo Program: Maximum Allowable Lateral Velocity Errors During LM Powered Descent" (1967)
  
• John E. Miller and Ain Laats, "Apollo Guidance and Control System Flight Experience." (1969)
• G. Kimball Miller, Jr., and L. Keith Barker, "A Simple Abort Scheme for Lunar Landings" (1964)
• G. Kimball Miller, Jr., "A Simplified Guidance Scheme for Aborting Lunar Landings" (1964
  
• A. O. Mirarchi, E-1713, "Combustion of Polyolefin Insulation and Toxicity of Teflon Under Electrical Overloads" (1964), scan #1 or scan #2.
• Miscellaneous authors, "Collection of Technical Papers on Guidance and Control, AIAA Guidance, Control, and Flight Dynamics Conference" (1967).  I'm not actually certain of the legality of providing this document to you; it has no correctly formed copyright notice in it, and I believe that in 1967 that would mean it had no copyright.  In 1989(?), I think, the law was changed so that for stuff published after then, no actual copyright notice was needed, and any random belch from everybody would automatically copyrighted by them at all times — good job, Congress! — but that foolish concept didn't apply retroactively, and thus didn't apply in 1967;  nor do later even-more-foolish extensions to copyright law retroactively provide such protection.  But I'm not a lawyer (thank heaven!), so if you have an informed beef with this, let me know and I'll take the document down.  By the way, the hyperlink is to a lower-quality (smaller size) PDF for more-convenient downloading, but the full higher-quality raw scan is on our Internet Archive page.
  
• MIT Instrumentation Laboratory, E-1167, MIT Apollo Drawing Standards (1964)
• MIT Instrumentation Laboratory, E-1186, Technical Data Release Procedures, Revision 3 (1965) and Revision 6 (1970).  All about TDRR's.
  
• MIT Instrumentation Laboratory, E-1250, Astronauts' Guidance and Navigation Course Notes (1962).
  
• MIT Instrumentation Laboratory, E-1432, GSE (Ground Support Equipment) Familiarization Manual (1964).
  
• MIT Instrumentation Laboratory, Control of Flight Software Development Costs (1971).
• MIT Instrumentation Laboratory, R-443, "Reprints of Presentation to Northeast Executive's Visit" (1964)
• MIT Instrumentation Laboratory, "Master End Item Detail Specification", June 1965:
• Part I
• Part II
  
• Thomas E. Moore, Grady G. McSwain, and Jay D. Montgomery, "Project Apollo: Guidance Laws for Controlling Off-Nominal LM Powered Descent Trajectories Back to the Nominal" (1969)
  
• C. R. Moster, Bellcomm, "LEM Guidance and Navigation Validation Study", November 6, 1963.
  
• MSC, Drawings of LM structures.  (Contributed by Paul Fjeld.)
  
• MSC, The Apollo 11 Adventure.   A quirkily geekish retrospective of the Apollo missions through Apollo 11, from the perspective of the Mission Planning and Analysis Division.  (Digitized by me at the National Archives.)
• MSC, Apollo Guidance Program Symbolic Listing Information for Block 2 (1969).
  
• MSC,  Apollo/Skylab ASTP and Shuttle Orbiter Major End Items (1978).
• T. B. Murtagh, "Analysis of Sextant Navigation Measurements During Lunar Module Rendezvous" (1967)
  
• J. V. Mutchler, "Apollo CMC/LGC Software Development Plan" (1968).
• William Nadler, E-1557, "Average Power Profiles for Apollo Guidance and Navigation in the Command Module and Lunar Excursion Module", April 1964.
• NASA, Space Flight Handbooks:
• Volume 1, "Orbital Flight Handbook" (1963).
• Volume 2, "Lunar Flight Handbook" (1963).
• NASA (editor), "Progress Report No. 6 on Studies in the Fields of Space Flight and Guidance Theory" (1964).  This is a collection (about 400 pages) of technical reports sponsored by NASA.
• NASA, "Project Apollo Coordinate System Standards" (1965)
• NASA, "Spaceborne Digital Computer Systems" (1971)
• NASA, "Apollo Configuration Management Manual" (1970)
  
• J. T. Neu, R. S. Dummer, W. T. Breckenridge, Jr., and John Geanacou, "Visibility in Space: Target Description Subroutine"
  
• J. L. Nevins, "Man-Machine Design for the Apollo Navigation, Guidance and Control System." (1967) [Manuscript].
• J. L. Nevins and I. S. Johnson, "Man-Computer Interface for the Apollo Guidance, Navigation and Control System" (1967).
• J. L. Nevins, I. S. Johnson and T. B. Sheridan, "Man/Machine Allocation in the Apollo Navigation, Guidance, and Control System" (1968).
• J. L. Nevins, E. A. Woodin and R. W. Metzinger, "Man-Machine Simulations for the Apollo Navigation, Guidance, and Control System." (1967).
• James L. Nevins, "Man-Machine Design for the Apollo Navigation, Guidance, and Control System--Revisited: Apollo, A Transition in the Art of Piloting a Vehicle." (1970).
• North American Aviation, SM-6T-2-02, "Apollo Mission Simulator Instructor Handbook" (1965)
• Volume I: Description
• Volume II: Operation & Utilization
• North American Aviation, CSM Technical Specification (Block II), December 1, 1964
  
• North American Aviation, GFE Guidance and Navigation Performance and Interface Specification, Block I, October 25, 1966
• North American Aviation, GFE Guidance, Navigation, and Control Performance and Interface Specification, Block II, October 2, 1965
  
• North American Aviation, "Preliminary Apollo Guidance and Navigation System Performance and Interface Requirements Specification", March 20, 1963
  
• Robert N. Noyce, "Integrated Circuits in Military Equipment" (1964).
• Thomas C. O'Bryan, "Initial Results of Studies of Handling Qualities of a Simulated Lunar Landing Vehicle", January 21, 1966
• E. T. Ogrodnik, R-462, "Dissimilar Metals: Compilation of Contacting Interfaces Between G&N Parts, G&N Airborne Equipments (Block I)" (1964)
• R. L. Parkhill and J. Pauperas, Jr., "Component Failure Effect on Systems: An Analytic Model" (1963)
  
• Jayne Partridge, E-1420, "On the Extrapolation of Accelerated Stress Conditions to Normal Stress Conditions of Germanium Transistors" (1963)
  
• Jayne Partridge, L David Hanley and Eldon C. Hall, "Progress Report on Attainable Reliability of Integrated Circuits for Systems Application" (1964).
• H. Patapoff, "Site Accessibility Analysis for Advanced Lunar Missions: Summary, Volume 1" (1967)
  
• Joe D. Payne, William C. Lamey, and Burl G. Kirkland, MSC-68-FM-74, "LM Powered Ascent Trajectory for the Apollo Lunar Landing Mission" (1968)
  
• J. C. Pennypacker, "Whole Number Strapdown Computations".  (Actually, the link to the left is an improved yet smaller-sized version, though the old, bad scan is still available if you want it for some inexplicable reason.)  What this document concerns is an alternate type of IMU which does not have a gimballed stable inertial platform the way the actual mission IMU did, but instead was "strapped down" to the spacecraft.  In order to use such an IMU, it is necessary to be able to efficiently convert between a coordinate system fixed to the spacecraft and an inertial one, using only AGC integer computations, and this document shows that that is possible, as well as the fact that the strap-down IMU can achieve an adequate accuracy.  The author, Jim Pennypacker, also offered me this observation:

The document was prepared while I was working for Al Hopkins and Ray Alonso at the Instrumentation Laboratory and describes the analysis of the crux of a proposed backup system if the AGC became overloaded during the LEM trajectory.  Although the backup method described was never used, the document shows the type of analysis that went on "behind the scenes" in support of the entire mission.

• P. A. Penzo, "An Analysis of Moon-to-Earth Trajectories", October 30, 1961
• Charles C. Perez, E-1425, "A Comparison of the Readout Resolutions of the Proportional Elastance vs Constant Elastance Torque-to-Balance Systems" (1963)
• Charles R. Price and Floyd V. Bennett, "Project Apollo: A Brief Investigation of CSM Rescue of LEM" (1964)
  
• Charles R. Price, Rudolph L. Saldana, and John R. Henson, "A Study of Lunar Module Navigation Systems Accuracies for Powered Descent, Ascent, and Aborts" (1967)
• Thomas G. Price, "Analysis of Current LEM Powered-Descent Trajectories" (1966)
  
• Daniel Rankin, A Model of the Cost of Software Development for the Apollo Spacecraft Computer (1972) [SM dissertation, MIT].
• Gary A. Ransford, Wilbur R. Wollenhaupt, and Robert M. Bizzell, Lunar Landmark Locations - Apollo 8, 10, 11, and 12 Missions (1970).
  
• Raytheon, ND-1021003, AGC Simulator technical manual, July 1964.
• Raytheon, R68-4125, "Final Report: Auxiliary Memory for Apollo Guidance Computer", March 1968:
• Volume 1
• Volume 2
• Raytheon, "Final Report: Apollo Guidance Computer Program Block I (100) and Block II" (1969)
  
• RCA Memory Products, "Typical Characteristics of RCA High-Temperature Memory core Type 233 MI".
• Richard Reid, "A Simplified Technique for Determining Deviation in the Lunar Transfer Orbit Ephemeris" (1964)
• Richard Reid and Herbert G. Patterson, "Project Apollo: A Preliminary Simulation Study of the Required Velocity Meter Sensitivity and Touchdown Control Performance During Lunar Landing" (1965)
  
• R. J. Richard, V. C. Clarke, Jr., R. Y. Roth, and W. E. Kirhofer, "Earth-Moon Trajectories, 1965-70" (1965)
  
• Michael D. Richter, "Summary of AGC Program Processing Procedures" (1965).  MIT/IL memo providing a 22-month timeline for the various tasks in AGC program development, starting from requirements meetings and ending with launch.
  
• J. J. Rocchio, Bellcomm, "Noise Margin Testing of the Apollo Guidance Computer", December 7, 1966.
• P. Rye, F. Bamberger, W. Ostanek, N. Brodeur, and J. goode, "Software Systems Development: A CSDL Project History" (1977).  This is a final technical report from the Instrumentation Lab to the Rome Air Development Center (with the unfortunate acronym of ISIS) at Griffiss Air Force Base, covering software configuration management for the AGC code base.
  
• G. T. Schmidt, R-676, "Closed-Loop Control of Stochastic Nonlinear Systems" (1970)
  
• George Thomas Schmidt, "System Test Determination of Apollo IRIG Drift Coefficients" (1965)
• Arthur J. Schwaniger, "Earth-Moon Transit Study Based on Ephemeris Data and Using Best Available Computer Program, Part 2: Return Flight to Earth from Lunar Orbit" (1962)
  
• Janusz Sciegienny, E-1388, "Summary of Error Propagation in an Inertial System" (1963)
  
• Dave Scott, transcript of remarks about the AGC.
  
• Norman E. Sears, "Technical Development Status of Apollo Guidance and Navigation" (1964)
  
• Norman E. Sears (ed.), R-446, "Primary G&N Lunar Orbit Operations" (1964)
  
• Volume I of II.
• Volume II of II.
  
• J. H. Semcken, Grumman LPL-610-1, "Feasibility Study and Detailed Test Plans for LEM-1 and LEM-2" (1963)
  
• H. H. Seward, E-1206, "The Blue-White Boundary Horizon Sensor" (1962)
• J. L. Shady, "Analysis and Mechanization of Launch Window and Rendezvous Computation, Part I: Circular Orbits" (1966)
  
• D. Shansky, E-1074, "Erasable Ferrite Memory - Mod 3C Computer" (1961)
• David Shansky, E-1158, "Erasable Store Mod 3C" (1962)
• C. N. Shen, "Guidance & Computer Scheme for Manned Lunar Landing"
  
• Edwin D. Smally, "Block II AGC Self-Check and Show-Banksum" (1966).  This document seems to be a combination of Digital Development Report #10 and Digital Development Memo #368.
  
• Emery E. Smith, Jr., "Performance of Apollo Block II Thrust Vector Control Using the PGNCS (Primary Guidance Navigation and Control System)" (1969)
  
• Samuel C. Smith, E-1524, "Evaluation of Urethane Foam for Potting" (1964)
• Samuel C. Smith, E-1386, "Report on Clear Resins" (1963)
  
• Balraj G. Sokkappa, R-491, "On Optimal Steering to Achieve 'Required Velocity'" (1965)
• J. A. Sorensen, "The Effect on Vehicle Performance of Thrust and Isp Variations Due to Delta Guidance Thrust Modulations - Case 310" (1970)
  
• J. A. Sorensen, "Linear Stability Analysis of LM Rate-of-Descent Guidance Equations, Case 310" (1970)
• J. A. Sorensen, "The Use of Delta Guidance for Improved Trajectory Control and Fuel Cost During LM Descent" (1970)
  
• Raymond D. Speer, "Strict Control Kept Out Semiconductor Flaws" (1969).
• William a. Stameris, E-2500, "Design Survey of the Apollo Inertial Subsystem" (1970)
• Paul J. Stull and Amelia J. Gray, "Simplified Analysis of LEM Midcourse Corrections" (1964)
  
• Jerrold H. Suddath, Rudolph L. Saldana, "Project Apollo: Use of the Landing Point Designator to Land the Lunar Module to a Given Target" (1967)
  
• Jerrold H. Suddath, Robert H. Kidd III, and Arnold G. Reinhold, "A Linearized Error Analysis of Onboard Primary Navigation Systems for the Apollo Lunar Module" (1967).
  
• Madeline M. Sullivan, "Hybrid Simulation of the Apollo Guidance and Navigation System" (1965).
• William A. Sullivan, 68-FM-23, "Logic and Equations for the Real-Time Computation of the Lunar Module Descent Planning Table" (1968).  The archival-quality scans are available at our Internet Archive site.  Also, changes to it, in 68-FM61-230 (or at Internet Archive).
  
• C. D. Sykes, MSC-05225, 71-FS-5:  Program Notes for Colossus 3 and Luminary 1E J-Series Missions Flight Programs, Rev. 1, September 1972.   Program notes written by the MSC Simulation and Flight Software Branch.  (Contributed by Fabrizio Bernardini.)
• Walter Tanner, R-720, "In-Flight Angular Alignment of Inertial Navigation Systems by Means of Radio Aids" (1972)
• Theodore C. Taylor, E-1699, "A Proposed Circuit Structure for Computer Logic Based on Semiconductor Flat Packs Interconnected by Multilayer Circuit Boards" (1964).
  
• Theodore C. Taylor, E-1823, "The Design of Series-Loaded Thermal Conductors for Minimum Weight" (1965)
  
• Theodore C. Taylor and Thomas A. Zulon, E-1539, "Thermal Properties of Some Structural Members for Space-Borne Computer Assemblies" (1964)
  
• B. K. Thomas, "Apollo 8 Proves Value of Onboard Control" (1969).
• Herman E. Thomason, "A General Description of the ST124-M Inertial Platform System" (1965)
• T. P. Timer, "Two Reference Apollo Lunar Parking Orbits" (1965)
• T. P. Timer, "Variations of the Lunar Orbital Parameters of the Apollo CSM-Module" (1966)
  
• Milton B. Trageser and David G. Hoag, R-495, "Apollo Spacecraft Guidance System" (1965)
•  Our original scan
• A better scan
• TRW Systems Group, "Apollo Visibility Handbook" (1968)
  
• Byrd Tucker, "Earth-Moon Transit Studies Based on Ephemeris Data and Using Best Available Computer Program, Part 1: Periselenum conditions as function of injection conditions" (1962)
  
• Various, Apollo training slides.  In general, excepts where stated otherwise, these relate to Block I spacecraft.
  
• Overview (1965)
• Guidance and Navigation System (1965)
  
• Course A-212, Electrical Power System Study Guide (1965)
• Course A-920, Guidance and Navigation Subsystem (1966)
• Guidance and Control Systems - Block II (1967)
• Guidance and Control Systems - Block II (1967)
• F. O. Vonbun, "Go, No-Go for Apollo Based on Orbital Life Time" (1965)
• F. O. Vonbun and John P. Mayer, "Apollo Navigation: Ground and Onboard Capabilities" (1965)
• P. A. Whitlock, "ΔRLS Updates During the Braking Phase of LM Descent Using Explicit and Delta Guidance - Case 310" (1970)
  
• Walton E. Williamson, Jr., "Optimal Three Dimensional Reentry Trajectories for Apollo-Type Vehicles" (1970)
• Fred Wills, "Relativistic Time Dilation on Lunar Flights" (1969)
  
• Milo Wolff, E-1687, "An Optical Earth Horizon Profile Based Upon Tabulated Solutions of Chandrasekhar's Equations" (1964)
• James D. Wood, E-2026, "Users' Guide to the AGC Monitor (Core Rope Simulator)" (1966)
• V. A. Yegorov, "Considerations on the Return Trajectories from the Moon to the Earth", February 8, 1968.
• L. R. Zeitlin, "Display and Control Recommendations Made During the Gemini-Apollo Guidance and Navigation Comparison Study - Case 110" (1963)

Miscellaneous Microformed Documents

Note:  The document scans listed in this section are now obsolete for most practical purposes, because far better scans of the documents have since been provided.  Simply use the engineering-drawing search engine to find the "good" scans for most of them.  (Document MH01-01380-216 is not in the search engine, but can be found by rummaging through the unindexed scans of North American Aviation Interface Revision Notices.)  The material in this section (specifically, the inferior scans) has been retained anyway, but should be regarded as a last resort for trying to resolve legibility problems.  I have not changed the explanations accompanying the document links below, even though they do not fully reflect the current situation.  The explanations, however, do contain valuable information about how to interpret the "good" scans as well as the "bad" ones.  Besides the documents listed in this section, many other documents of a similar nature exist among the engineering-drawing scans, principally though not exclusively in "aperture card" Box 431, Box 433, Box 434, Box 435, and Box 436.  You are invited to browse the indices of those boxes and index-pages of all other aperture-card boxes for documents of interest that don't appear elsewhere in this document-library page.  However, your searches for such documents will generally be assisted greatly by knowing the desired document number.

This is an unusual section, in that it categorizes documents according where they came from and the technique used to digitize them, rather than the contents of the documents as such.  They are collected here, with an apology (in the old sense of the term) that I'm giving once (here!) because I don't care to repeat it over and over again.

In brief, a number of documents were encountered at NARA Southwest that had been converted to "microform" that were deemed significant enough to reproduce for you, but for which I personally have chosen an inferior method of digitization, due to limitations of time and money.  I will say that it's better having these scans than not, in lieu of having better ones, but there's no doubt that their quality is shockingly poor.  They are mostly, but not entirely, legible.  With effort.   Perhaps it's worth noting that all of the scans in this section are expected to be replaced by much, much higher-quality scans, probably before the end of 2021. 

A fuller explanation of these microform "aperture cards" can be found on our "Documentation Quest!" page, but as a brief example, imagine a 400-page document on aperture cards.  At current prices, NARA would be willing to digitize it for you for $1600, or you could go to the facility personally and make a relatively high-quality scan using NARA's equipment for about $160 (plus 12 hours of your own time), or you could go there and make a low-quality scan for free with your own flatbed scanner for $0 (plus 3 hours of your own time).  Now, I have scanned many, many engineering drawings from NARA aperture cards using the mid-price option, because it's reasonably cost-effective to do so, and you can see those on the MIT/IL engineering-drawing index page.  But for longer documents, for obvious reasons, I chose the free option.

Aperture cards hold photographic negatives, and the document scans I've made from them are presented as-is.  I.e., as negatives.  They could be easily converted to positives and post-processed with brightness and contrast adjustments that would make them easier to read, but I've chosen not to do so in most cases, because I preferred to get the scans into public view rather than hold onto them for however long it would take to work out the perfect post-processing for them.  Plus, most such post-processing results in image rot that I prefer not to incur at this stage.  The fact that I've not done this post-processing means that these scans will be perceived as being of even lower quality than they actually are.  Perhaps you can figure out the perfect adjustments for me, and let me know how to do it the best way!  But there are also true quality issues, in which portions of some scans appear blurry and out of focus, which I presently don't understand.  Perhaps some pages will require rescanning in the future for legibility reasons.

Another fun feature of these documents is that rather than containing a nice, contiguous sequence of pages, we instead provide all (or all available) revisions of the document, one after the other:  rev "-", followed by rev "A", followed by rev "B", and so on.  Consequently, the sequence of pages will often have holes and duplications, though hopefully one could form a complete final-revision document from all of the pages if one were so inclined.  If you are so inclined, I'd be happy to accept such a version from you.

Finally, since these documents are being provided only in their "raw" form, I've not attempted to turn them into nice, tidy PDFs, so at the moment, you can see these scans only in their raw forms at our Internet Archive site.

All right, enough of the apology!  Here, finally, is a list of the actual documents:

• MH01-01380-216, "Command Module Guidance Computer Electrical Interfaces, Block II, NAA-MIT" (1965).  This is a 64-page North American Aviation document that describes the electrical interfaces between the AGC and the CM.  However, because there are 4 physical pages on each aperture card, and because we provide both revs "-" and "A", this turns into 32 scans.
  
• ND-1002005, "Apollo Requirements for Process Control and Fabrication of Resistance-Welded Electronic Circuit Modules and Assemblies" (1962).  To quote from the document itself, "This document covers the minimum requirements for process control and fabrication of applicable electronic circuit modules by use of resistance welding.  It establishes certification and qualification requirements for welding machines, materials, and operators, and defines the responsibilities for quality control and acceptance of resistance-welded circuits."  Unlike other documents in this section, I did actually apply some post-processing to this document, to adjust the contrast.  The unadjusted images are still available, though not posted online, so anybody who wants to undertake the task of post-processing the documents in this section should contact me to get those originals.  This contains pages from a lot of different revs of the document, but overall is 69 separate scans and is approximately rev "G".
• ND-1002019, "Marking, General Specifications for" (1963).  36 scans overall, from rev "-" through rev "L".
• ND-1002031, "Description and Requirements for Process for Solderless Wrapped Connections Process" (1964).  (Yes, I know it says "Process" twice. Don't blame me.)  Basically, it's about wirewrapping.  (Recall that the AGC's backplane was entirely wirewrapped.)  Overall, there are 72 scans, from rev "-" through "C".
• ND-1002069, "Apollo Minimum Workmanship, Fabrication, and Inspection Requirements for Wiring and Resistance-Welding of Electronic Circuit Modules and Assemblies" (1964).  21 scans overall.
  
• ND-1002136, "Specification for the Procurement and Assembly of Electrical Wrapost Contacts and Insulators" (1963).  Overall, there are 47 scans, from rev "-" through "D".
• ND-1002187, "Process Specification for Adhesive Bonding of Non-Rubber Parts" (1963).  Overall, there are 15 scans, from rev "-" through "C".
• ND-1002323, "Post-Installation Checkout Specification for LM G&N System" (1966).  Though the title does not say so, this document pertains to using an AGC loaded with AURORA 88 software.  The use of AURORA is significant, because it is the last AGC program that includes a full suite of built-in-test code; LUMINARY and COLOSSUS, in contrast, contain only the code for checking the memory-rope checksums.  Furthermore, this document is significant in that it provides a better understanding of how to use the test facilities in AURORA.  Overall, there are 223 scans, from rev "J" through "S".  I would have liked to have gotten revs "-" through "H" as well, but it appeared to me that they comprised perhaps 800 additional scans, and time (and patience) was not adequate for that purpose when I was actually doing these scans.
  
• ND-1002324, "Post-Installation Checkout Process Specification for the Apollo Guidance & Navigation System (Spacecraft 14, KSC)" (1966). By the way, this document is for a Block I spacecraft, using SUNSPOT software, but I don't actually know what "spacecraft 14) is; I probably should.  The document itself is about 120 scans, but it comprises both revs "-" and "A", so it's about double that size.
  
• ND-1002380, "Post Installation Checkout Process Specification for LM G&N System (KSC) with LUMINARY flight Ropes" (1968).  This is an approximately 120-page document that provides a detailed set of steps to run on the AGC for checking out the LM's guidance system ... or conversely, for checkout out the operation of the AGC using the various peripheral devices in the LM, if you prefer to think of it this way.  Since we provide revisions "-" through "S", this actually turns into 412 scans.
• ND-1021039 through ND-1021043 ... these are theoretically present in the set of NARA Southwest aperture card, but I did not scan them.  This is just a warning to anyone who might be tempted to do so, that while there are thousands of cards related to these documents there, they are not the documents themselves, but merely lists of the pages of the documents that changed from rev to rev.
  

Abort Guidance System (AGS) and its computer (AEA)

Launch Vehicle Digital Computer (LVDC) and other Saturn-related computing material

• "Flight Program Language Requirements" (1972).  This document is a study that explores using alternate, higher-level programming languages in place of LVDC assembly language.  the languages are SPL (Space Programming Language), CLASP (Computer Language for Aerospace Programming), HAL (High-order Assembly Language), and CMS-2 (Compiler Monitor System-2).  Of these, HAL looks the most like a modern program language naively, though the report notes that it was the most difficult in which to program.  Amusingly also, the language (in spite of its acronym-style name) was actually named by Ed Copps (an AGC developer, not an LVDC developer) for Hal Laning (also of Draper Labs); however the language itself was not developed by the Draper/Instrumentation Labs.  The principle significance of the document for us, however, is that the study reveals a lot of detail about the existing LVDC software to which we're not otherwise privy.
  
• Volume I: Executive Summary.
  
• Volume II: Requirements and Evaluations.
  
• Volume III: Appendices.  This volume contains flowcharts, descriptions, and large portions of the LVDC software, not in LVDC assembly language, but ported to the four programming languages described in the earlier volumes of the document. 
  
• "AS-503 Verification Test Programs". Procedures 73V1401 through 73V1426 are relevant to the LVDC.
• "Interface Control Document: Definition of Saturn SA-507 & Subsequent Flight Sequence Program" (1967).
  
• "Interface Control Document: Definition of Saturn SA-513/SKYLAB 1 and SA-515/SKYLAB Backup Flight Sequence Program".  Notable for including a pinout of the LVDC and LVDA discrete inputs, discrete outputs, and interrupts, as well as a detailed mission-specific timeline of the theoretical behavior of those signals.
  
• "Saturn V Flight Program Development".  Describes the development process for the LVDC software (in a software quality assurance sense).
• Laboratory Maintenance Instructions for LVDC.  While the title of this document is undoubtedly correct from the standpoint of IBM (the corporate author), the document is more usefully viewed as a complete explanation of the theory of operation of the LVDC, albeit of a very early breadboard version.
  
• Volume 1, "General Description and Theory".  Topics include a complete description of the computer's instruction set.
• Volume 2, "Maintenance Data".  Topics include interfaces to the computer.
• IBM 63-928-137, Saturn V Guidance Computer, Semiannual Progress Report.  This sounds like a managerial thing, but is actually is a huge technical document.
  
• MSFC IV-4-401-1, Astrionics System Handbook, Saturn Launch Vehicles.  Chapter 11 is particularly relevant to the LVDC, as it discusses the flight software in some detail.  Sadly, it does not show any actual sample snippets of LVDC software.  You'll notice that we have three different version of this document.  The earliest revision simply says that chapter 11 is "to be supplied later".  One especially-important difference between the later two, other than the fact that the final version has more-legible foldouts and is a much larger download, is that the aforementioned Chapter 11 has been completely rewritten: while the earlier version describes the LVDC software used in Apollo 11, the later version describes a new "generalized" LVDC program as used in Apollo 12.  Another Apollo 12 vs 11 change is that the flight-sequence table (Chapter 4) differs.
  
• Rev. August 1, 1965
  
• Rev. November 1 1968
• Rev. November 15 1969
  
• MTP-ASTR-S-63-15 Saturn IB/V Astrionics System.
  
• Bellcomm memo, "Memory Requirements for the Launch Vehicle Digital Computer (LVDC) - Case 330" (1967) by J. J. Rocchio.
• Bellcomm memo, "Launch Vehicle Digital Computer (LVDC) Requirements for the Apollo Applications Program" by J. J. Rocchio.
• MSFC III-5-509 Saturn 1B/V Instrument Unit System Description and Component Data:
• -1, "Instrumentation System Description".
  
• -4, "System Description and Component Data".  A scan from collectspace.com.
• MSFC II-5-510 Saturn 1B/V Instrument Unit, Switch Selector, Model II (1966).
  
• NASA Technical Note D-5869, "Description and Performance of the Saturn Launch Vehicle's Navigation, Guidance, and Control System" by Walter Haeussermann.
• Boeing document, "Saturn V Launch Vehicle Guidance Equations, SA-504".
• IBM document, MSFC-DRL-006A, "Saturn Instrument Unit: LVDC Equation Defining Document (EDD) for the Saturn IB Flight Program", Parts I and II, Revision A, April 11, 1972:
• Part I, Sections 1-3
• Part I, Sections 4-5
• (There is no Part I, Section 6)
  
• Part I, Sections 7-9
• Part I, Sections 10-11
• Part I, Sections 12-14
• Part I, Section 15
• Part II
  
• IBM document, MSFC-DRL-008, "Final Flight Simulation Report for the Flight Control Computer S/N 0104-I (ASTP)", May 5, 1975.  Recall that the the Flight Control Computer is not the LVDC, but is rather an analog computer in the Saturn that works in conjunction with the LVDC.
  
• MTP-AERO-63-64, "An Iterative Guidance Scheme for Ascent to Orbit (Suborbital Start of the Third Stage" by Isaac E. Smith and Emsley T. Deaton, Jr.
• NASA Technical Note D-2869, "An Iterative Guidance Scheme and its Application to Lunar Landing" (1965) by Helmut J. Horn et al.
  
• NASA Technical Note D-2967, "Application of an Iterative Guidance Mode to a Lunar Landing" by Helmut J. Horn.
• "Computer Controlled Power Application for the Saturn Launch Vehicle" (1967) by Henry D. Felber
• "Computer Redundancy: Design, Performance, and Future" (1967) by Ralph E. Kuehn
  
• Here's a set of short documents contributed by Eldon Hall to klabs.org, providing a comparison of the (proposed) AGC to the (proposed) LVDC, and pertaining to the notion of replacing the AGC by the LVDC in the CM and LM.  I suppose these documents may be interesting in a historic sense, and in some cases are mildly amusing, but they are interesting to me principally because some of the documents are very rich in technical information about the LVDC.
  
• "Report on a Technical Comparison of the Apollo Spacecraft Guidance Computer with a Proposed New Design".
• "Guidance Computer for Apollo", a memorandum by David W. Gilbert.
• "Results of Planning Meeting for Apollo Spacecraft Guidance and Navigation Review", a memorandum by David W. Gilbert.
• IBM Apollo Study Report (big downloads):
• Volume 1, #63-928-129, covering the AGC.
  
• Volume 2, #63-928-130, covering the LVDC.
  
• "Critique of IBM Apollo Study Report —  IBM #63-928-129 — 1 Oct 1963"
• "Problems with IBM Approach as it is Defined in the IBM Apollo Study Report No. 63-928-129" by Eldon C. Hall.
• "Note to Mr. Webb" by R. P. Young.
• "Saturn V / Apollo Spacecraft Guidance Computer Development Programs", a memo by General Phillips.
• "Saturn V / Apollo Spacecraft Guidance Computer Conference", a memo by General Phillips.
• "Saturn V Guidance Computer for Use as Apollo Back Computer", a memo by Joe Shea.
• MSFC-MAN-206, Skylab Saturn IB Flight Manual.
• MSFC-MAN-503, Saturn Flight Manual, SA-503.
• MSFC-MAN-507, Saturn V Flight Manual, SA-507.
• NASA Technical Memorandum X-53384, "The Astrionics System of Saturn Launch Vehicles" by Rudolf Decher.
• IBM Saturn Instrument Unit Fact Sheet.
• NASA Technical Memorandum X-53350, "Saturn Instrument Unit Command System" by H. R. Lowery.
  
• NASA Technical Note TN D-4481, "Saturn V Manual Backup Guidance and Control Piloted Simulation Study".
  
• NASA Technical Memorandum, "Report on Digital Computers Used in Automatic Checkout" by B. Funderburk.
• NASA Technical Memorandum X-53274, "Techniques of Implementing Launch Automation Programs (Saturn IB Space Vehicle System)" by William G. Bodie.
• NASA Technical Memorandum X-53398, "Saturn I Block II Guidance Summary Report" by R. A. Chapman.
  
• TR-612, Saturn IB and Saturn V Computer Programs, Software Status Report.
• John M. Caudle and Donald C. Colbert, "Flight Control Computer for Saturn Space Vehicles" (1962)
  
• Douglas Report SM-43658, Handout for Saturn S-IVB Vehicle Dynamics & Control Working Group Meeting, (1963).  It's 227 pages, so that must have been quite a meeting, if it needed this kind of a handout!
• B.J. O'Connor, "A Description of the ST-124M Inertial Stabilized Platform and its Application to the Saturn V Launch Vehicle" (1964).
• B.J. O'Connor, "A Description of the ST-124M Inertial Stabilized Platform and its Application to the Saturn V Launch Vehicle" (1964).  Yes, I know, this looks like a duplicate of the above.  I don't think it is, quite.
• Walter Haeussermann, "Guidance and Control of Saturn Launch Vehicles" (1965)
• W. L. Osterhout, Jr., "Saturn [IV(B)] Data Summary Handbook" (1965)
• Helmut J. Horn, "The Iterative Guidance Law for Saturn" (1965)
  
• "Fact Sheet: IBM Computer Will Direct Saturn Orbital Test Flight" (1966)
• "Instrument Unit to Navigate Saturn IB's First Flight" (1966)
  
• Frank R. Palm, "A Real Time Operating System for the Saturn V Launch Computer Complex" (1966)
• F. Hardie and R. Suhocki, "Design and Use of Fault Simulation for Saturn Computer Design" (1966)
  
• W. D. Carson et al., "All digital Simulation of Saturn I, IB, and V Boost Vehicle and Guidance and Control Systems" (1966)
• L. Roth and W. M. Shempp, "S-IVB Saturn High Energy Upper Stage and its Development" (1967)
  
• J. R. Mitchell et al., "Digital Simulation of an Aerospace Vehicle" (1967)
• Ludwig Roth, "The Role of the S-IVB in the Apollo and Post Apollo Programs" (1967)
  
• C. H. Grace et al., "Crew Briefing: IU Stage" (1968)
• H. E. Bauer, "Operational Experiences on the Saturn V S-IVB Stage" (1968)
  
• T. H. Witzel and J. S. Hughes, "Flight Software Development Laboratory" (1969)
  
• SLCC (Saturn Launch Computer Complex) Programmer's Reference Manual (1973).  Quoting from the introduction: "The Saturn Operating System (Operating System) contains many programs, routines, and subroutines which together provide the software control functions necessary for automatic checkout of the Saturn Launch Vehicle, (both Saturn V and Saturn I-B). The complexity of the use of this Operating System makes a detailed explanation essential."
  
• NASA SP-4206, Stages to Saturn by Roger E. Bilstein.  This is actually a book in the NASA History Series, so it isn't as technical, but is full of all sorts of contextual detail that is missing from the technical documents.
  
• RCA 110A (Saturn ground computer) Mathematical Subroutine Manual.  Dimitri Marinakis (thanks Dimitri!) sent me this.  The ground computer which which the LVDC cooperated was an RCA 110A.  "Mathematical Subroutine Manual" sounds very exciting until you find that it means "multiplication", "division", "cosine", "sine", etc.  It is still an interesting document, in the sense that it reveals what life was like for the computer programmer in that time-frame.  These algorithms are each accompanied by RCA 110A assembly language showing exactly how they were implemented, and give the full theory for each method, duly written up as if the description was a mechanical drawing, with a proper page border appropriate to such a drawing, and accompanied by notations such as the units, scale, and tolerance of the drawing!  I've chosen to provide it only as a tarball of JPEG page images rather than to convert it to a PDF (which would take twice the storage), and I hope nobody minds that.  The image at right (supplied by Dimitris Vitoris) is a photo of an unknown (to me) assembly from an RCA-110A.
  

Systems Handbooks

See also:  AGC Electrical Schematics.

• Lunar Module Systems Handbook:
• AS-204/LM-1 (Apollo 5).  It has been pointed out to me that one virtue of this handbook is that it contains a complete set of commands for the LM Programmer (the device for automated control of unmanned LMs), which we previously haven't had.
  
• Excerpts from LM-5 through LM-9, June 1969.  This is a large download because it consists of beautiful hi-res scans of very large wiring-diagram foldouts.  (Contributed by Paul Fjeld.)  Note that (at this late date!) these scans, are largely or entirely duplicates of those found in the much-more-complete LM-8 handbook (see below).
  
• LM-8 (Apollo 14), from UHCL.
  
• Excerpts from Apollo 17.  Sadly, these scans are not of the highest quality.  If you seek general information rather than Apollo 17 specific information, I'd suggest the item above or the item below instead.  (Contributed by Fabrizio Bernardini.)
  
• Command and Service Module Systems Handbook:
• AS-501 (Apollo 4)
• CSM-101 (Apollo 7), incomplete
  
• CSM 104 (Apollo 9)
  
• CSM 112 through 114 (Apollo 15-17)
• Chapter 8  (Contributed by Fabrizio Bernardini.)
•  Complete handbook
  
• CSM 114 (Apollo 17)
  
• CSM 116-119 (Apollo Skylab 2-4)
  

Operations Handbooks

• Apollo Operations Handbook, Command and Service Module, Spacecraft 012.  (This was the Block 1 spacecraft for Apollo 1.)
• Apollo - Soyuz Test Project Operations Handbook Command/Service/Docking Modules, CSM111/DM 2: Operational Procedures Final Issue (1974)
  
• Apollo - Soyuz Test Project Operations Handbook Command/Service/Docking Modules, CSM 119/DM 1: Operational Procedures Reference Issue (1974)
  
• SM2A-03-BLOCK II, Apollo Operations Handbook, Block II Spacecraft
• Volume 1: Spacecraft Description
• Alternate excerpts.  (Contributed by Fabrizio Bernardini.)
• Sections 2.1-2.2.
  
• Sections 4.6-4.8.
• SM2A-03-BLOCK II-J-(2), Apollo Operations Handbook, Command and Service Modules, J-Series Missions: CSM 112-115 (Apollo 15-17):
• Volume 2, "Operational Procedures":
• Part 1
• Part 2
  
• LMA790-3-LM, Apollo Operations Handbook, Lunar Module:
• Volume 1 (LM 10 and subsequent), "Subsystems Data", unfortunately without searchable text.  We also have a reprocessed version of that scan, which includes searchable text.  We'll continue to provide you with both, because there are many diagrams in the document, and while the searchable-text version of it appears to have equally-legible diagrams, it seems likely that there has been some slight degradation in the reprocessing.  So you have a choice.  Use both, if you like.
  
• Volume 2 (LM 11 and subsequent), "Operational Procedures"
  
• Alternate excerpts.  (Contributed by Fabrizio Bernardini.)
• Excerpts from Section 2.1.
  
• Excerpts from Section 4.4.
• Lighting tables.  Tables from the ops handbook describing colors, brightnesses, etc., for the Apollo spacecraft interior and exterior lighting.  (Contributed by Paul Fjeld.)

Operational Data Books

• SNA-8-D-027 rev 3, CSM/LM Spacecraft Operational Data Book:
• Volume 1 (CSM Data Book), Part 1 (Constraints and Performance), rev. 2, September 1, 1969.  Includes Appendices for Apollo 7-13.
  
• Volume 1 (CSM Data Book), Part 1 (Constraints and Performance), rev. 3, April 15, 1970.  Includes Appendices for Apollo 13-17.
  
• Volume 2 (LM Data Book), Part 2 (LM 6 and Subs. Launch Mission Rule Redlines), rev. 5, March 9, 1970.
  
• Volume 3, "Mass Properties", rev. 2, August 20, 1969: "G", "H", and "J" missions.
• Apollo/Soyuz Test Project:
• Volume 1
• Volume 2: "Mission Mass Properties", initial rev, February 1973.
  

Technical Crew Debriefings

• Apollo 8 Technical Crew Debriefing: First half and second half.  (Contributed by original AGC developer Fred Martin.)
• Apollo 11 Technical Crew Debriefing: Volume 1 and Volume 2.
• Apollo 12 Technical Crew Debriefing.
• Apollo 13 Technical Crew Debriefing.
• Apollo 14 Technical Crew Debriefing.
  
• Apollo 15 Technical Crew Debriefing.
• Apollo 16 Technical Crew Debriefing.
  
• Apollo 17 Technical Crew Debriefing.

Mission Reports

• Apollo 7:
• Supplement 3, "Guidance, Navigation, and Control System Performance Analysis" (1969)
• Apollo 8:
• Supplement 1, "Trajectory Reconstruction and Postflight Analysis" (1969)
• Supplement 2, "Guidance, Navigation, and Control System Performance Analysis" (1969)
• Apollo 9:
• Supplement 2, "Guidance, Navigation, and Control Systems Performance Analysis" (1969)
• Supplement 3, "LM Abort Guidance System Postflight Analysis Report" (1969)
  
• Apollo 10:
• Supplement 2, "Guidance, Navigation, and Control Systems Performance Analysis"
• Apollo 12:
• Supplement 2, "Guidance, Navigation, and Control Systems Performance Analysis" (1970)
  
• Apollo 13
• Supplement 1, "Guidance, Navigation, and Control Systems Performance Analysis"
• Apollo 14:
• Supplement 1, "Guidance, Navigation, and Control Systems Performance Analysis Report" (1972)
• Apollo 15:
• Supplement 1, "Guidance, Navigation, and Control System Performance Analysis Report" (1972)
• Apollo 16:
• Supplement 1, "Guidance, Navigation, and Control System Performance Analysis Report" (1972)

Flight Plans

• Apollo 7 Flight Plan
  
• Apollo 8 Flight Plan: Sections 1 and 2 and sections 3 through 5.  (Contributed by original AGC developer Fred Martin.)
• Apollo 9 Flight Plan
• Apollo 10 Flight Plan
  
• Apollo 11 Flight Plan
• Apollo 12 Flight Plan
• Apollo 13 Flight Plan:
• Original (pre-explosion)
• Revised (explosion to splashdown)
• Apollo 14 Flight Plan
  
• Apollo 15 Flight Plan
• Apollo 16 Flight Plan
• Apollo 17 Flight Plan
• Apollo-Skylab (all missions) Flight Plan
  
• Apollo-Soyuz (ASTP) Flight Plan
  

Checklists

• Apollo 8:
• Charts & Graphs
• Landmark Maps & Photos
  
• CMP Checklist
• LMP Checklist
  
• Updates
• Crew Log (s/n 1005)
• Crew Log (s/n 1006)
  
• TLI Procedures (s/n 1003)
  
• TLI Procedures (s/n 1004)
• Entry Checklist (s/n 1003)
  
• Entry Checklist (s/n 1004)
• Apollo 11:
• Operations Checklist (s/n 100).  I am told that the PDF is compiled from scanned images found at the Apollo Flight Journal website, which states that the original was Mike Collins's copy.  It is filled with hand-written notations which were apparently already on the document at the time it was scanned, there is no claim that they were necessarily written there by Mike Collins.
  
• Apollo 15:
• CSM Entry Checklist
• CSM Guidance and Control Checklist
• CSM Launch Checklist
• CSM Systems Checklist
• LM Activation Checklist

Familiarization Manuals

• SM2A-02, "Apollo Spacecraft Familiarization"
  
• LMA790-1, "Lunar Excursion Module Familiarization Manual"
• LMA790-2, "Lunar Module LM-10 Through LM-14 Vehicle Familiarization Manual"

Launch Vehicle Flight Evaluation Reports

These documents relate primarily to the Saturn rockets, but one notable feature is that chapter 2 of each document provides a detailed mission timeline for events insofar as they relate to the various stages of the rockets.

• AS-202
  
• AS-501 (Apollo 4) and Saturn S-IVB-501 stage and AS-501 Flight Evaluation Bulletin no. 1.
  
• Apollo 5
  
• AS-502 (Apollo 6) and Saturn S-IVB-502 stage
  
• AS-205 (Apollo 7) and Saturn S-IVB-205 stage 
• AS-503 (Apollo 8)
• AS-504 (Apollo 9)
• AS-505 (Apollo 10) and S-IVB-205N stage
  
• AS-506 (Apollo 11)
• AS-507 (Apollo 12)
• AS-508 (Apollo 13)
• AS-509 (Apollo 14)
• AS-510 (Apollo 15)
• AS-511 (Apollo 16)
• AS-512 (Apollo 17)
• SA-513 (Skylab 1)
• SA-206 (Skylab 2)
• SA-207 (Skylab 3)
• SA-208 (Skylab 4)
  
• Apollo-Soyuz
  

Miscellaneous Mission Documents

Note that this section doesn't include things like GSOP documents, Operational Databooks, etc., which have their own sections above, but is simply a catch-all for everything I haven't already listed that's mission specific or specific to a mission class.

• AS-202:
• E-1828, "G&N System Data for Mission AS-202 Development Engineering Inspection", August 1965
• NASA TM X-53470, "AS-202 Launch Vehicle Operational Flight Trajectory", June 1966.
• "AS-202 Reentry Guidance and Navigation Equations and Flow Logic", Oliver Hill, March 18, 1966.
• "Capabilities of the Entry Guidance Equations for Mission AS-202", I. Bogner and W. G. Heffron, August 9, 1966.
• AS-203:
• S. M. Seltzer, "Control System Information for SA-203" (1966)
• R-ASTR-S-85-66, "AS-203 Technical Information Summary" (1966)
  
• AS-204A (Apollo 1):
• TRW 66-FMT-470, "Independent Flight Software Validation Test Results for Mission AS-204A", December 13, 1966.
• MSC-66-FM-92, "AS-204 Reentry Guidance and Navigation Equations and Flow Logic", Oliver Hill and Donald Beggs, September 2, 1966.
• North American SID-66-1177, "Mission Modular Data Book, First Block I Manned Mission" (1966)
  
• Apollo 2 (canceled):
• North American SID-66-1424, "Mission Modular Data Book, Second Block I Manned Mission" (1966)
• AS-206:
• TRW 3300-H007-RC000, "Apollo Mission SA-206A Spacecraft Preliminary Reference Trajectory", July 1, 1965.
• TRW 66-FMT-402, "Apollo Mission AS-206A Spacecraft Reference Trajectory", February 28, 1966.
  
• Chrysler, "AS-206A Preliminary L/V Operational Trajectory and Guidance Presettings", November 7, 1966.
• AS-206RAM, Restart alternate mission
  
• Chrysler, "AS-206 S-IV-B Restart Alternate Mission, L/V Operational Flight Trajectory", September 15, 1967.
• AS-207/208:
• 66-FM-116, "Logic and Equations for the Real-Time Computation of AS-207/208 Insertion Elements and Specialized Orbital Maneuvers", R. K. McDonough and W. A. Sullivan, October 9, 1966.  The raw scan is available at our Internet Archive site.
  
• AS-501 (Apollo 4):
• Flight 501 Memo #8, "Programming Changes from AS-202 to AS-501", Jay A. Sampson (AC Electronics Resident Engineer), October 7, 1966. 
• Flight 501 Memo #10, "Summary of Results of AS-501 Digital Simulations", Jay Sampson, October 26, 1966.
• "Trip Report on AS-501 Meeting at MIT-IL on July 6, 1967", Jay Sampson.
• TRW 3300-6001-RC000, "Apollo Mission SA 501 Preliminary Mission Profile", February 23, 1965.
• Chrysler, "AS-204/LM-1 Launch Vehicle Operational Flight Trajectory (Revision I)", July 25, 1967.
• AS-503A, Preliminary Abort alternative mission
• 66-FM-131, "AS-503A/504A Requirements for the RTCC: Generalized Iterator", William E. Moore, November 11, 1966.  Note that page 12 (actual page 18 of the PDF) was messed up in the physical hardcopy from which the scan was made, and hence is partially illegible.  The raw scan is available at our Internet Archive site.
  
• "AS-503A Spacecraft Reference Trajectory":
• Volume 1
• Volume 2
  
• Apollo 5:
  
• E. R. Mathews, "Leaks in LM-1 at KSC" (1967)  (Full-resolution scan at our Internet Archive site)
• R-ASTR-S-67-63, "Technical Information Summary, Apollo 5 (AS-204/LM-1), Apollo Saturn 1B Flight Vehicle" (1967)
• K-1B-029/4, "Apollo/Saturn Consolidated Instrumentation Plan for AS-204/LM-1" (1967)
  
• E-2160, "Verification Results Summary for LGC SUNBURST (LM-1 Mission)", Jay A. Sampson (AC Electronics), August 1967.
  
• MSC Internal Note 67-FM-195, "Apollo 5 Mission (AS-204/LM-1) Spacecraft Operational Trajectory", Volume I (Mission Description), Edwin G. Dupnick and Veit Hanssen, December 29, 1967.
• MSC-PA-R-68-7 Supplement 2, "Apollo Mission 5/AS-204/LM-1 Trajectory Reconstruction and Postflight Analysis, Volume I" (1968)
  
• "LM-1 Trip Report at MSC - Flight Support and Debriefing", Jay Sampson, January 25, 1968
• TRW 67-FMT-548, "Results of Independent Flight Software Validation Test of the BURST116 Program for the LM-1 Mission", September 28, 1967.
• Chrysler TN-AP-68-311, "Saturn AS-204/LM-1 Postflight Trajectory" (1968)
• Apollo 6:
• MSC-PA-R-68-8, "Apollo 6 Mission 3-Day Report", Apollo 6 Mission Evaluation Team, April 8 1968.
• MSC-68-FM-62, "Apollo 6 (A-2 or AS-502/CSM-020) Spacecraft Operational Trajectory, Volume I - Mission Profile" (1968)
  
• 2TV-1:
• "Apollo Experience Report—Manned Thermal-Vacuum Testing of Spacecraft"
• Apollo 7:
  
• Richard E. Eckelkamp, 68-FM-256, "Project Apollo: Verification of Sundisk Orbital Navigation Program" (1968).  The document specifically purports to verify SUNDISK 282, the actual flight program.  There's a lot of technical detail about the software here, including some flowcharts (specifically those for program P22 of SUNDISK 212).
  
• MSC Internal Note 68-FM-184, "Apollo 7 Spacecraft Operational Trajectory", revision I, Volume I (Mission Profile), Alexie H. Benney, Jr., Samuel L. Miller, and Fred C. Jensen, July 31, 1968.
• AS-205/CSM-101 Launch Vehicle Operational Trajectory, Revision I, Gordon W. Solmon, September 10, 1968.
  
• North American SD-68-687, "Apollo CSM 101 Guidance and Navigation Filter Box Assembly Qualification Test, V36-442330" (1968)
•  William W. Schmidt, E-2150, Guidance, Navigation, and Control Block II Command and Service Module Functional Description and Operation Using Flight Program SUNDISK (Rev. 282).  The preface reads: "The purpose of this document is twofold.  The first is to provide a functional description (operationally oriented) of the CSM GNCS hardware and software and the interfaces with other SC systems.  The level of detail is that required to identify and define telemetry outputs. Also included are functional flow diagrams of the Sundisk 282 programs and routines together with lists of verbs, nouns, option codes, and checklist codes for this flow. The second purpose is to provide the operational procedures for this hardware and software including malfunction procedures, and program notes.  The nominal airborne expanded and condensed checklist for Sundisk appear in the Guidance System Operation Plan, R547."
• Duane K. Mosel, "Rendezvous Procedures, Apollo 7, AS-205/101" (1968).
  
• Apollo 8:
• "Saturn Launch Vehicle Systems Handbook, AS-503" (1968)
• "Translunar, Lunar Parking Orbit, and Transearth Procedures, C-Prime Mission" (1968)
  
• "AS-503 Verification Test Programs" (1968)
• R. C. Kropf (TRW), "Flight Program Verification for Apollo 8" (1968).
  
• Apollo 9:
• "Apollo Mission D (AS-504/CSM-104/LM-3) Spacecraft Operational Trajectory, Volume I: Mission Profile" (1968)
• "Mission Evaluation Presimulation Report" (1968)
• Part I: CSM 104 (Mission D) Operations Plan
• Part II: Simulator Description (seems to have used perhaps-modified Apollo 7 Command Module software, Sundisk 249)
  
• "Mission Evaluation 103 (Mission D) Presimulation Report" (1968)
• Part II: Simulator Description (seems to have used a modified version of Colossus 226 Command Module software)
• Stephen P. Grega and Milton C. Contella, "Rendezvous Procedures: D Mission, AS-504/CSM-104/LM-3" (1969)
  
• Apollo 10:
• "Revision I of the Spacecraft Operational Trajectory for Apollo 10 (Mission F), Volume I: Operational Mission Profile Launched May 18, 1969" (1969)
• MSC S&E-ASTR-69-24, "Technical Information Summary, Apollo-10 (AS-505), Apollo Saturn V Space Vehicle" (1969)
• "CSM Redezvous Procedures, F Mission" (1969)
  
• "Apollo 10 Spacecraft Dispersion Analysis":
• Volume IV: Rendezvous Dispersion Analysis
  
• Apollo 11:
• George W. Cherry and Donald Eyles, "A User's Guide to the LUMINARY1A Lunar Landing Programs" (1969).  (Full-resolution scan at our Internet Archive site)
  
• Excerpts from "Apollo 11 LM Timeline Book" (1969).  The handwritten notes, I'm told, were made by Buzz Aldrin.  Thanks to Paul Fjeld for obtaining this.
• MSC 69-FM-175, "OPERATIONAL LM ABORT AND RESCUE PLAN FOR APOLLO 11 (MISSION G), VOLUME II, RENDEZVOUS AND RESCUE" (1969).  The archival-quality scan is available at our Internet Archive site.  Those scans are of variable quality, since I scanned the full document over a 9-month period, using two different scanners, but may still come in handy  in viewing the many graphs in the document.
  
• TRW Note 70-FMT-819, "Apollo Mission 11, Trajectory Reconstruction and Postflight Analysis, Volume 1" (1970)
• Analytical Mechanics Associates, "RTCC Requirements for Mission G" (1968)
• Part I: Trajectory Computers for TLI and MCC Processors
• Part II: Landing Site Determination Using On-Board Observations
• J. A. Bossart, W. H. Delashmit, W. R. Hamel, R. C. Kropf, and R. Lee, "Apollo 11 DAP Postflight Analysis" (1969)
  
• MSC S&E-ASTR-S-101-69, "Technical Information Summary, Apollo-11 (AS-506), Apollo Saturn V Space Vehicle" (1969), and a 2nd copy.
  
• Alfred N. Lunde, "Revision 1 to Views from the CM and LM During the Flight of Apollo 11 (Mission G)" (1969)
• Apollo 11 & 12:
• Floyd V. Bennet, "Lunar Descent and Ascent Trajectories" (1970).  Apollo 11 and 12 post-flight analysis.
  
• Apollo 11 onward:
  
• Exegesis of the 1201 and 1202 Alarms Which Occurred During the Mission G Lunar Landing, by George Cherry.
• MSC Internal Note CF-R-69-23, "LM Rendezvous Procedures, G Mission", Stephen P. Grega and Clark M. Neily, June 20, 1969.  Covers not only the G mission (Apollo 11), but also H missions (12-14).  We don't know if they applied to the J missions (14-17).  Clark Neily, who co-authored the document and gave it to us (as well as the next two documents below), tells us that "my recollection is by that time, we had so much confidence in  the systems and software that on the last two missions, they just boosted themselves into a 10 × 50 nm with a 'tweak' burn right after insertion followed by TPI about an 2-30 minutes later."  Even supposing you're not interested in rendezvous procedures, check out the title page of the document for a nice surprise!  Clark also has the following editorial comments.  In understanding the comments, you probably need to know that since Clark is obviously a rendezvous expert, I had asked him a question about LORS (Lunar Optical Rendezvous System).  This was apparently a potential competitor to the Rendezvous Radar that was eventually used in the LM, but it was cut out because the AGC code for it was 1500 words longer than the corresponding RR code.  At any rate,